Intolerance and Arrogance: US Human Rights

Published in People's Daily
(China) on 22 April 2013
by Wang Hailou (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Kim Wang. Edited by Bora Mici.
On April 19, the U.S. Department of State released its 36th annual "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices," which provides official commentary on the current state of human rights in 199 different countries and regions. On April 21, the State Information Center of China released its 2012 "Human Rights Record of the United States," which examined human rights issues using detailed data and facts.

In comparing U.S. commentary about human rights in other countries with its own domestic human rights situation, it is easy to see how U.S. beliefs about human rights are narrow-minded and have led to serious negative effects.

First, the U.S. has focused too much on libertarian ideals, while simultaneously ignoring the impact of individual liberty on the rights of other citizens. The growing number of citizens with firearms, for instance, has caused almost 100,000 deaths each year. In 2012, for example, the number of casualties that resulted from a school shooting in Oakland, California and similar incidents shocked the world. However, the issue of gun control in the U.S. still has difficulty making any substantial progress. In two different cases, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that local and state gun control laws were unconstitutional.

Second, the one-sided emphasis on civil and political rights has ignored the protection of economic, social and cultural rights. The U.S. government has yet to ratify the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which has already been signed by 160 countries throughout the world. In the U.S., almost 46 million people are living below the federal poverty level, and almost 9 million people are unemployed. The U.S. is also one of the few developed Western nations that does not provide universal health coverage for its citizens.

Third, this one-sided emphasis on rights also ignores real issues. In the 2012 U.S. presidential election, for example, several Asian-American voters encountered obstacles to voting and were subjected to discrimination. The special rapporteur for the U.N. Human Rights Council accused the U.S. of failing to ensure that African-Americans and Latino-Americans were able to fully exercise their right to vote. Likewise, current African-American unemployment rates are twice as high as those of whites, African-American median household income is less than 60 percent of the equivalent income of whites, and African-American poverty rates are three times as high as those of white people. American women's wages are only 77 percent of those of men, black women make 62 percent of what black men make and Latino women only make 54 percent of what Latino men make. The Muslim population accounts for less than 1 percent of the total U.S. population, but 14 percent of religious discrimination suits involve Muslims, making up 25 percent of workplace religious discrimination. An online film that insulted the prophet of Islam has also triggered a wave of Muslim protests throughout the world.

Fourth, the U.S. maintains a double standard with its viewpoints on human rights while bashing the human rights of citizens of other countries. After the end of the Cold War, for instance, the U.S. became the country to have declared the most wars. U.S. troops in Yemen, Afghanistan, Pakistan and other countries have caused countless deaths of innocent civilians, not including the number of corpses burned or religious desecrations. In Iraq, after prominent U.S. usage of white phosphorous bombs and uranium during the Iraq War, infant birth defect rates have increased substantially. The U.S also refused to comply with the provisions of the Geneva Conventions in reference to the rights of prisoners of war, and it continues to hold 171 prisoners in Guantanamo Bay without trial, torturing them by a variety of methods. The U.S. military also has a track record of raping local women, which has triggered anti-U.S. protests.

Finally, the U.S. accepts as the sole criterion only its own standards and systems for the protection of human rights, ignoring the economic, political, social and cultural differences that exist in other countries. This shows a lack of respect for other countries' freedom of choice in protecting human rights. Thanks to its leadership role in the international community, the U.S. is able to throw unwarranted accusations at the human rights situations of other countries but refuses to join U.N. organizations like the Convention on the Rights of the Child, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, among others. In 2012, the Human Rights Council adopted a resolution for development rights, and the U.S. was the only country to vote against it.

The U.S. government's intolerant view toward human rights not only makes its citizens blind to their own domestic human rights situation, but also leads it to arrogantly critique human rights in other countries, with disastrous consequences to the state of international human rights.


4月19日,美国国务院第36次发布了人权国别报告,对199个国家和地区的人权状况作出评论,独未见其对自己的任何检讨。4月21日,中国国务院新闻办公室发表了《2012年美国的人权纪录》,以翔实数据和大量事实对美国的人权状况进行了描述。

将美国对他国的人权评论与其自身人权状况相对照,可以发现美国政府所奉行的人权观具有明显偏狭性,对其实际人权状况产生了深刻的负面影响。

首先,片面强调自由至上,忽视个人自由对公民其他权利产生的影响。美国枪支泛滥,每年有10余万人遭遇枪击,仅2012年就发生了奥克兰校园枪击案等血腥惨案,死伤人数震惊世界。但美国在控枪的问题上却一直难以取得实质性进展。美国最高法院还先后就两起持枪案作出裁决,裁定州和地方政府的限枪法律违宪。

其次,片面强调公民权利和政治权利,忽视对经济、社会和文化权利的保护。美国政府至今未批准已经得到160个国家批准的《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》。美国失业率多年来居高不下,失业人数高达900万人,4620万人生活在贫困线以下。美国还是当今世界上少数没有实行全民医疗保险的发达国家之一。

再次,片面强调对权利的形式保障,忽视实际差异。在2012年美国总统大选中,部分亚裔选民在投票站遭遇投票障碍,并受到歧视,联合国人权理事会特别报告员联名指控美国未能确保非洲裔和拉丁裔美国人充分行使投票权。非洲裔美国人失业率是白人的两倍,家庭收入中位数不到白人收入的60%,贫困率却是白人的3倍。美国妇女的工资平均仅为男性的77%,黑人女性工资相当于男性的62%,拉丁裔女性工资相当于男性的54%。穆斯林人口不到美国总人口的1%,但在联邦政府调查的宗教歧视案件中,14%涉及穆斯林;在职场宗教歧视案件中,25%涉及穆斯林。美国一名导演拍摄并在网上播放的侮辱伊斯兰教先知的电影引发了全球穆斯林的抗议浪潮。

第四,对内和对外实现双重人权标准,践踏他国公民的人权。美国是冷战结束后世界上对外发动战争最频繁的国家。美军在也门、阿富汗、巴基斯坦等国的军事行动造成无辜平民大量死亡;在当地焚经辱尸,亵渎当地人民的宗教感情;在伊拉克战争中使用白磷弹和贫铀弹,使战后伊拉克婴儿出生缺陷率大幅上升。美国拒不遵守日内瓦公约中有关战俘权利的规定,在关塔那摩监狱仍关押着171名未经审判的囚犯,并用各种酷刑折磨他们。驻日美军强奸当地妇女,引发反美抗议。

最后,美国将自己所理解的观念视为人权的唯一标准,将自己的体制作为人权保障的唯一模式,无视各国在经济、政治、社会和文化的差异,不尊重其他国家自主选择人权保障方式和发展道路的权利。凭借自己在国际社会的霸权地位,美国每年对其他国家的人权状况横加指责,党同伐异,却至今不加入《儿童权利公约》、《消除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》、《残疾人权利公约》等一系列联合国核心人权公约,拒绝承认绝大多数国家普遍重视的发展权。2012年人权理事会通过发展权决议时,美国是唯一投反对票的国家。

美国政府在人权观上的偏狭性,一方面使它看不到本国在人权保障方面存在的大量问题,另一方面又使它以人权样板自居,强迫各国套用美国体制。这不仅使其本国的人权状况难以得到改善,而且也对国际人权事业的发展带来了许多灾难性的后果。
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