Dangerous Escalation

Published in El País
(Spain) on 9 November 2017
by Editorial (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Madeleine Brink. Edited by Elizabeth Cosgriff.
Tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran should be addressed right away.

The escalation of tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran poses a grave risk for the stability of the Middle East and the globe. The accusations being exchanged between Riyadh and Teheran should end as soon as possible, and large powers allied to both countries should apply necessary pressure to cool off the dangerous tensions of the past few days.

It would be a mistake to literally interpret the words of the Saudi heir and new strongman, Mohamed bin Salman, yesterday. In response to a ballistic missile launched from Yemen and exploding very near the Riyadh airport, bin Salman characterized the attack as an act of war, blaming Iran. Yemen is currently embroiled in a civil war in which both Iran and Saudi Arabia are involved.

In a world still dependent on petroleum, Saudi Arabia is bent on playing a crucial role in global economic stability. Riyadh has taken advantage of this position for decades. One way it has done so is by practicing reprehensible – but barely commented on by the West – policies regarding human rights and individual liberties. Especially harsh is its policy regarding women. But the immutability of the regime was shattered after the purge ordered by Prince bin Salman: On Saturday night, 11 princes were detained along with seven active ministers and dozens of former ministers, all of whom were accused of corruption.

To figure out the intricacy of the problem and demonstrate how unstable the region is, it is enough to observe what has happened in the past week. On Saturday, the Lebanese prime minister, Saad Hariri, flew to Riyadh, instead of appearing in Parliament, to announce his resignation by video, because, he said, he feared for his life. Next, Hezbollah, the pro-Iran Lebanese militia – a group that is made up of thousands of armed members, that began a war against Israel, and that is considered a terrorist group in the U.S. and European Union − accused Saudi Arabia of forcing the resignation of the Lebanese prime minister.

The Saudi response was immediate: It will consider any action that Hezbollah takes against Saudi interests as a declaration of war from Lebanon. Hezbollah fights in Syria against the Islamic State alongside Bashar Assad’s army and members of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard. If these combined forces were victorious, a Shi’ite corridor would run from Iran to the Mediterranean. But the government in Jerusalem will not allow such a corridor. Israel would like to avoid a situation in which Hezbollah receives weapons and missiles from Iran, because these could be used against Israel. With Hezbollah as a common enemy, Israel and Iran have something in common, but Israel is still suspicious of Iran’s nuclear program and its influence in the region.

If there is a region in the world where tensions could lead to conflicts with terrible consequences, it is the Middle East. Washington, the principal ally of Saudi Arabia and Israel, and Moscow, ally of Iran and Syria, should act soon to lessen the tension. European mediation in this task would be both welcome and beneficial.


La escalada de tensión entre Arabia Saudí e Irán supone un gravísimo riesgo para la estabilidad de Oriente Próximo y a escala global. El cruce de acusaciones entre Riad y Teherán debe cesar cuanto antes y las grandes potencias aliadas de ambos países deben ejercer la presión necesaria para rebajar una temperatura que se ha disparado peligrosamente en los últimos días.

Sería un error interpretar en clave retórica la frase pronunciada ayer mismo por el heredero saudí y nuevo hombre fuerte del país, Mohamed bin Salmán, caracterizando como acto bélico y responsabilizando a Irán del impacto a escasa distancia del aeropuerto de Riad, capital saudí, de un misil balístico disparado desde Yemen, país que se encuentra sumido en una guerra civil en la que Teherán y Riad mueven sus piezas.

En un mundo todavía dependiente del petróleo, Arabia Saudí desempeña un papel crucial a la hora de la estabilidad económica. De esto se ha aprovechado durante décadas el régimen de Riad, por ejemplo para practicar una más que reprobable —pero apenas condenada con la boca pequeña por Occidente— política de derechos humanos y libertades individuales, especialmente en lo que concierne a las mujeres. Sin embargo, la inmutabilidad del régimen ha saltado por los aires tras la purga ordenada por el príncipe Bin Salmán, que en la noche del sábado cristalizó en la detención de once príncipes, cuatro ministros en activo y decenas de antiguos ministros, todos ellos acusados de corrupción.

Para entrever lo intrincado del problema y como muestra de la inestabilidad de la región basta observar lo sucedido en los últimos días. El sábado, el primer ministro libanés, Saad Hariri, en vez de comparecer ante su Parlamento, voló a Riad para anunciar su dimisión a través de un vídeo en el que confesaba temer por su vida. Acto seguido, Hezbolá, la milicia proiraní libanesa considerada grupo terrorista por EE UU y la UE —que cuenta con varios miles de militantes armados y ha protagonizado una guerra contra Israel—, acusó a Arabia Saudí de forzar la dimisión del primer ministro libanés.

La respuesta saudí ha sido fulminante: considerará cualquier acción de Hezbolá contra sus intereses como una declaración de guerra de Líbano. Este grupo libanés combate en Siria contra el Estado Islámico junto al Ejército de Asad y miembros de la Guardia Revolucionaria iraní. La victoria de estas fuerzas crearía un corredor chií desde Irán hasta el Mediterráneo, algo que el Gobierno de Jerusalén —empeñado en evitar que Hezbolá reciba de Teherán armas y misiles con los que atacar a Israel— no está dispuesto a permitir, lo que aproxima a israelíes y saudíes, que también recelan del programa nuclear iraní y de la influencia de Teherán en la región.

Si hay una región del mundo en la que las tensiones pueden llevar a conflictos de consecuencias funestas, esa es Oriente Próximo. Washington —principal aliado de Arabia Saudí e Israel— y Moscú —aliado de Irán y Siria— deberían actuar cuanto antes para rebajar la tensión. Una tarea para la que la mediación europea sería tan bienvenida como provechosa.
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