Obama and Kafka

Published in El Tiempo
(Colombia) on 31 October 2009
by Carlos Gaviria Díaz (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Kate Knibb. Edited by Katy Burtner.
The news that the Norwegian jury agreed to give President Obama the Nobel Peace Prize caused surprise all across the globe, even for Obama himself. And with good reason. His reaction, totally sincere, was this: “What have I done to deserve it?”

I confess unequivocally that I admire the current president of the U.S. I celebrated his election for many reasons: I like his bold and democratic presence, I appreciate his brilliant speeches, his aim to uphold human rights (something so unappreciated by his predecessor), and for having demonstrated that even in a society so imbued with racial prejudices, intelligence and education are of more value than social origins and skin color.

Something else is that the power of the U.S president, an imperial power if there ever was one, is considerably less than what it’s often thought to be. Not everything the chief of state thinks, wants and says can be translated into action. It’s because even in this so-called democratic society, the entrenched “special interests,” which are part of the imperial state, are notoriously more powerful than the efforts of those who are formally elected to change social and political reality.

For this reason, most of Obama’s promises have not been able to become reality. When awarding prizes, that is what should count. Obama’s confusion following the announcement was more than reasonable, and it has brought to mind the accurate comparison made by Milan Kundera in the memorable book, The Art of the Novel. I don’t have the text on hand and for this reason I am going to write from memory.

The contrasting story by Kundera shows the lives of two famous literature characters: Raskolnikov, the hero (or anti-hero?) of Crime and Punishment, and Josef K., the protagonist of The Trial by Kafka.

Here we go...

Raskolnikov has murdered the pawnbroker Aliona Ivanovna, owner of the room where the youth lives. After the crime has been committed, the crime haunts him in such a way that he becomes obsessed about confessing in order to feel free of this tremendous weight. Meaning, when guilty, you go in search of punishment.

Josef K., on the other hand, knows that he has been condemned by some far away and inaccessible judge who searched in vain for someone to blame. Executioners hunt him down to carry out his death sentence and the character dies with a slit throat, without ever being able to reveal the story’s mystery. After the death, we want to know what the crime was to deserve this, but we never find out.

So, Obama has received the Nobel Peace Prize. How can anyone honestly and reasonably know for sure that his achievements don’t deserve the recognition when faced with the idea that only after receiving the prize you discover the merit?

It appears that the jurors of Oslo have decided, carefully and wisely, that the order of process is as follows: Award the prize with the idea that effective peace policies will follow to justify it.

Let’s hope that on finishing his term, Obama will not be faced with the tragedy of Josef K., and, instead, true merit will be found in the choice to give him the prize and that, retrospectively, he will deserve it. That’s what those that want peace fervently wish for.


Parece que los jurados de Oslo han invertido, con prudencia y tino, el orden del proceso causal: asignarle el premio para comprometerlo con efectivas políticas de paz que lo justifiquen.

La noticia de que el jurado noruego había conferido al presidente Obama el Premio Nobel de la Paz causó sorpresa en la opinión mundial, incluyendo desde luego al propio Obama. Y no era para menos. Su reacción, totalmente sincera, queda bien resumida en estos términos: "¿Qué cosas he hecho para merecerlo?".

Confieso sin ambages que admiro al actual presidente de los Estados Unidos. Celebré su elección por muchas razones, pues me gusta su talante audaz y democrático, aprecio su oratoria brillante, sus propósitos reivindicatorios de los derechos humanos, tan despreciados (y depreciados) por su antecesor, y por haber demostrado que aun en una sociedad tan imbuida de prejuicios raciales, la inteligencia y la ilustración tienen que ser mejor valoradas que el origen social y el color de la piel.

Otra cosa es que el poder del presidente de Estados Unidos, potencia imperial si ha habido alguna, es bastante menor que el que suele atribuírsele. No todo lo que el jefe del Estado piensa, quiere y dice puede traducirse en hechos, pues los intereses particulares enquistados en la que a sí misma se presenta como sociedad democrática ejemplar, y los propios de un Estado imperial, son notoriamente más poderosos que el empeño de ajustar una realidad social y política a los postulados formales que dicen regirla.

Por esa razón, los anuncios más promisorios de Obama no se han podido materializar en hechos tangibles, y a la hora de otorgar premios ellos son los que deben contar. La perplejidad del Presidente ante el anuncio era, pues, más que razonable, y me ha traído a la memoria la certera confrontación hecha por Milan Kundera en un memorable libro: El arte de la novela. No tengo a la mano el texto y por tanto voy a hacer la referencia de memoria.

Las situaciones contrastadas por Kundera son las vividas por dos personajes de la literatura universal: Raskolnikov, el héroe (¿o antihéroe?) de Crimen y castigo, y José K, el protagonista de El Proceso, de Kafka. Veamos:

Raskolnikov ha asesinado a la usurera Aliona Ivanovna, dueña del cuartucho donde el joven se aloja, y una vez cometido el crimen la culpa lo acosa de tal modo que su obsesión es confesarla para sentirse libre de ese tremendo peso. Es decir: a partir de la culpa va en busca del castigo.

José K, en cambio, sabe que ha sido condenado por unos jueces lejanos e inaccesibles a los que busca en vano para saber cuál es su culpa. Los verdugos lo aprehenden para hacer efectiva la condena a muerte y el personaje muere degollado sin haber podido desvelar el misterio. A partir de la condena, entonces, quiere saber cuál ha sido la culpa que la justifica, pero no le es dado conocerla.

Pues bien: Obama ha recibido el Premio Nobel de la Paz y como cualquier persona honesta y razonable que sabe con certeza que sus realizaciones no justifican el reconocimiento, enfrenta entonces este predicamento: a partir del premio, descubrir el mérito.

Parece que los jurados de Oslo han invertido, con prudencia y tino, el orden del proceso causal: asignarle el premio para comprometerlo con efectivas políticas de paz que lo justifiquen.

Ojalá que al terminar su mandato no enfrente Obama la trágica situación de José K y pueda encontrar honestamente en sus realizaciones el mérito que retrospectivamente justifique el galardón. Es lo que deseamos fervientemente los que queremos la paz
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