Democracy Will Not “Westernize” the World

Published in Huanqiu
(China) on 15 February 2011
by Global Times (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Meghan McGrath. Edited by Heidi Kaufmann.
Gradually, through various forms, the world is on an unstoppable trend toward democracy. However, the result of democracy is globalization, and becoming more and more like a Russian doll: You will always only see the outermost doll, but inside is a hidden one and even more dolls.

The West has led the world for the last several hundred years, during which time it has created a monopoly on Earth’s resources and materials and is clearly centered on Western interests. From a historical big-picture point of view, the current wave of democratic transformation in the world is moving away from Western-centered interests.

The beginning of the Egyptian Revolution looks very much like the beginning of a constitutional government revolution. Egypt and Western culture are separated by a big screen, but while Western influence is obstructed by a portion, even more seeps through [the screen]. Perhaps in the future there will exist a joint U.S.-Egypt military society, but now democracy is playing a game with the Muslim Brotherhood, and Egypt and the Middle East now walk prematurely down a road toward American opposition.

But since the revolution in Egypt is a victory for the West, hasty conclusions are being drawn. Democratization brings political power and liberation to all people, increases welfare and well being, adjusts internal development and eliminates unfair comparison with external forces. The current world social order is chock full of injustice, such as how it seems that a country’s best city is occupied by the West, but the Third World lives in poor rural areas. They will ask: why?

The late, well-known American scholar Samuel P. Huntington wrote in "The Third Wave of Democratization" that in non-Western countries’ elections, politicians are often persuaded by others to put forward certain demands and votes, and often these demands are racist, tinted religious doctrines and nationalist agendas. These demands can aggravate a country's division and lead to anti-Western political leaders and policies.

Huntington in particular mentions that in some Muslim countries, people can only choose between either anti-democratic secularism (referring to authoritarianism) or anti-Western democracy.

Over the past few years, Western-style democracy in Latin America managed to elect leftist leaders: Chavez, Morales and others. All were more anti-American, anti-Western than the previous military government. When Hamas came to power in Palestine, it was only because the United States held a democratic election in Palestine.

However, democratization brought about pro-Western regimes in the former Soviet Union, for example, in countries such as Ukraine, Georgia and the Baltic states. The spread of democracy in East Asia also did not bring the fierce anti-American regime as it did elsewhere in the world. The rise of India and China seems to have eased some of that anti-Western pressure.

The more democracy there is in the world, the more complex the world becomes. It is more difficult to distinguish between the benefits and drawbacks. But one final conclusion can be drawn from this: The world’s change to democracy will not “Westernize” the world. The attractiveness of the West is not its political program but rather its extravagant welfare and natural resources and way of life. However, the world cannot afford to have more “Western” countries.

After the Egyptian Revolution, the Western countries were cheering, and so were Iran and Hamas, as the phenomenon seen in Egypt is one rarely seen for decades. History will soon prove that there is always one with a bitter laugh.


世界通过各种形式逐渐走向民主的趋势不可阻挡,但民主的结果随着它的世界化,变得更像俄罗斯的套娃:你看到的永远是最外面的一个,里面还藏着另一个,甚至几个。


  民主化直接面对了各国的问题,但连成一片时,它必然产生重构世界秩序的企图。西方主导世界已经持续几百年,这期间西方对地球的福利资源形成了事实上的控制和垄断,世界近现代史的演进,是以西方利益为中心的。全球民主化浪潮从大历史的角度看,将是拆除西方利益中心的过程。


  埃及革命的发端很像是宪政革命。埃及同西方文化之间隔着的是面大纱窗,西方的影响被挡住一部分,但渗进去的更多。未来可能形成美国支持的埃及军方联手社会民主派同穆斯林兄弟会的博弈,现在断言埃及和中东会走上反美道路,为时尚早。


  但现在说埃及革命是西方的胜利,结论更仓促。民主化带来各国人民政治权利的解放,在增加本国福利的道路上,调整内部发展秩序与消除外来的不公平相比,虽然前者的实际杠杆多,但推动后者往往在政治上更加划算。当前的世界秩序充满了不公平,就好像一个国家最好的城市被西方占据,第三世界生活在贫瘠的农村。他们会问:凭什么?


  美国已故著名学者亨廷顿在《第三波———20世纪后期民主化浪潮》一书中写道,非西方国家的选举,常常诱使政治家提出那些最能为他们带来选票的诉求,而这些诉求往往带有种族主义、宗教教义和民族主义的色彩。这些诉求会加剧国家的分裂,并导致反西方的政治领袖和政策的胜利。


  亨廷顿特别提出,在一些穆斯林国家,人们只能在反民主的世俗主义(指专制)与反西方的民主之间做选择。


  亨廷顿的判断将在未来几十年经受非西方国家变化的再验证。过去数年,拉美地区用西式民主选出来7个左翼政府,查韦斯、莫拉莱斯等人都比之前的军政府更反美反西方。哈马斯上台,也是因为美国在巴勒斯坦推行民主选举的结果。


  民主化带来亲西方的政权很多发生在前苏联国家,比如乌克兰、格鲁吉亚、波罗的海国家等,那是一个上世纪俄罗斯影响高于西方影响的特殊地区。东亚民主运动也没有带来激烈的反美政权,中印的崛起似乎减轻了西方本应承受的压力。


  民主越世界化,它的表现会越复杂,它的益处和弊端越难区分。但有一点现在就可以有定论,民主化不会导致世界“西方化”。西方的吸引力不是它的政治程序,而是挥霍全世界福利资源的生活方式,而世界供不起再多几个“西方”。模仿西方的幻想很容易破灭,不同民族的特点,将会通过民众选票的压力,得到更多彰显。


  埃及革命后,西方欢呼,伊朗和哈马斯也欢呼,这种现象几十年难得一见。历史将证明,总有一方的笑是苦的。▲
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