High Gasoline Prices Pressure the US Recovery

Published in Nikkei
(Japan) on 25 March 2012
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Taira Ishikura. Edited by Katerina Kobylka.
The American economy is recovering. With the help of continuous monetary easing and tax cuts, indicators such as private spending and employment rates are improving. However, the scar of the economic crisis is deep, and true recovery is yet to be realized. Rising gas prices continue to be burdensome.

The real economic growth rate from October to December 2011 was 3 percent, compared to the year before. As a result of solid consumption and exporting, it was the highest in the last six quarters. Major indexes of February also show a steady improvement in non-agricultural employment and retail sales.

The Federal Reserve, in a statement issued after the Federal Open Market Committee met on March 13, made a slight upward adjustment to the economic outlook. It is also noteworthy that positive expectation toward recovery has raised stock prices and that there has been a favorable psychological turn among families and businesses.

However, too much optimism should be avoided. The aftereffects of the financial crisis remain: stagnant house prices and household debts. The recovery base of the U.S. economy is therefore considered weak.

The biggest concern is high gas prices. On average, regular gasoline is sold at almost $3.90 per gallon in the United States, approaching $4 per gallon for the first time since the summer of 2008. If this situation persists, consumption may be affected.

Although the concern over the European debt crisis has receded since its peak, convergence will require time. It is also difficult to eliminate the possibility of economies of developing countries growing more slowly than expected. U.S. officials should support the domestic economy with continuous credit easing and tax cuts, laying the foundation for true recovery.

The Federal Reserve will engage in Operation Twist until the end of June. That is, to change its assets and buy more long-term bonds. Its zero-interest policy is to be upheld until the end of 2014.

It could be that the Federal Reserve’s bold monetary relaxation is one reason for the high prices of oil and gasoline. Thus, positive effects of the bank’s policies are to be realized with utmost attention paid to such side effects.

Hostility continues between the ruling Democratic Party and the opposing Republican Party in the United States as the presidential election approaches. The parties should learn to compromise in order to secure funds needed for programs like continuous tax cuts as well as mid- to long-term plans for financial reconstruction.

Benefits of the U.S. recovery have reached Japan. Examples are expanding exports to the U.S. and high stock prices. With the hope to realize the recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake, the country looks forward to America’s precise helmsmanship.


回復途上の米経済にガソリン高の重荷
2012/3/25付

 米国の経済が持ち直してきた。金融緩和や減税の継続にも支えられ、個人消費や雇用などが改善している。だが金融危機の傷痕は深く、本物の景気回復とはいえない。そこにガソリン価格の上昇という負荷がかかるのは心配だ。

 2011年10~12月期の実質経済成長率は前期比年率で3.0%となった。消費や輸出が堅調で、6四半期ぶりの高水準を記録した。2月の主要指標をみても、非農業部門の雇用者数や小売売上高などが順調に伸びている。

 米連邦準備理事会(FRB)は13日の米連邦公開市場委員会(FOMC)後の声明で、景気判断をわずかながらも上方修正した。景気回復への期待感から株価が上昇し、家計や企業の心理が好転しているのも見逃せない。

 しかし過度の楽観は禁物だ。住宅価格の低迷や家計の債務返済というリーマン・ショックの後遺症は残る。米経済の回復基盤はもろいといわざるを得ない。

 最大の懸念材料はガソリン高である。レギュラーガソリンの全米平均小売価格は1ガロン3.9ドル(1リットル約85円)に迫り、08年夏以来の4ドル突破も視野に入ってきた。この状態が長引くようなら、消費の足を引っ張りかねない。

 一時より不安が後退したとはいえ、欧州危機の収束には時間がかかる。新興国の景気が予想以上に減速する可能性も排除できない。米当局は金融緩和や減税の継続で国内景気を下支えし、本格回復への足場を固めてほしい。

 FRBは「ツイスト・オペ」を6月末まで実施する。保有する資産の中身を入れ替え、長期国債の購入を増やす措置である。事実上のゼロ金利政策は少なくとも14年終盤まで続ける方針だ。

 FRBの大胆な金融緩和が原油高やガソリン高の一因になっているのは否定できない。こうした副作用にも細心の注意を払いながら、金融緩和の効果を確実に浸透させる必要があるだろう。

 秋の大統領選を控える米国では、与党・民主党と野党・共和党の対立が続く。中長期的な財政再建の道筋を示しつつ、減税の継続などに必要な財源を確保するため、与野党が歩み寄るべきだ。

 米経済持ち直しの恩恵は日本にも及んでいる。対米輸出の拡大や株高の連鎖などが代表例だろう。東日本大震災後の日本経済の回復を確実にするためにも、米当局の的確なかじ取りに期待したい。
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