Why is the United States Picking on Huawei and ZTE?

Published in Sohu
(China) on 12 October 2012
by Fengtian Zheng (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Stefanie Zhou. Edited by Chris Hirokawa.
A congressional report labeling Huawei and ZTE as threats to U.S. national security recently became a hot topic. Why is the U.S. Congress picking on Huawei and ZTE?

One cause of the U.S. leaders’ fears is the threat of rising competition. The financial crisis caused the United States to question the stability of its leading position, and China is the most dangerous substitute. In the economic war, the United States believes that it has taken too many losses. On one hand, China has become the manufacturing center of the world. Due to the low cost of labor, large numbers of U.S. manufacturers are outsourcing to China, and the unemployment rate remains high in the United States. On the other hand, China holds a large number of U.S. government bonds, and the United States has not yet reconciled its debts. Outsourcing in U.S. manufacturing is corporate behavior. U.S. politicians have no say in it, so they take it out on China. Right now, the United States is in the midst of the election cycle: Republican and Democratic parties are competing to treat China as a political target, and Congress is a good place for verbal attacks. Venting anger on Chinese companies by listing accusations carries nearly no risk.

Second, the United States is afraid of others becoming like itself. Relying on its advanced technology, in the past the United States did many unspeakable things. Narrow-mindedly, it put China into the position. Wall Street provides two examples. One is the collaboration between U.S. and Israeli intelligence agencies to launch a dishonorable military action against Iran that led to unexpected consequences such as the Stuxnet worm, that destroyed Iran’s nuclear research project, and manufacturing the cyber weapons Flame and Gauss, etc. The second is the 2007 Israeli air force’s attack on a facility in Syria that was suspected of being part of Iran’s nuclear weapons research program. There was indication, in the following year, that a French chip manufacturing company provided radar defense equipment to Syria that included a “cutoff switch” that disabled the Syrians’ ability to monitor the Israeli bombers’ attacks.

Third, the world’s recognition of China is still a long process. U.S. and European companies largely went global in the 1960s and ‘70s. During that time, they faced many difficulties, but they have successfully globalized their companies. They too, however, have yet to break into every market. India, for example, just recently allowed Wal-Mart to open stores, but the U.S. company never thought that it would attract a protest march of tens of millions of Indians. Chinese businesses have just made the first steps toward globalization, and Huawei is regarded as one of the most successful enterprises. Up until now, China has been molded into an opaque kingdom, attached with a variety of negative labels, by the Western media. Chinese companies that went global have naturally become targets of the U.S. to affix more labels and turn them into objects of attacks.

Faced with this dilemma, China must propagate its national image and spending to build soft power. Additionally, it needs to build stronger public relations globally. This incident is a learning process that cannot be avoided.

In fact, this incident is not a bad thing for Huawei and ZTE. Most of the foreign media is actually looking at it with sympathy and raising a lot of criticism for the overbearing position of the U.S. Congress. It is very rare for a Chinese company such as Huawei to receive such treatment. With the rise of China, the most familiar word for Europe and the United States is state capitalism. They are vigorously pursuing and fiercely attacking Chinese companies, as they believe that state-owned companies receive too many subsidies from the government, along with loans and land, which gives them an unfair advantage over international competition. Fortunately, Huawei does not. Nevertheless, because the founder of Huawei has military experience and Huawei is not publicly listed in Europe and the United States, it is attacked. Therefore, Huawei could bridge the gap and be listed in the United States to share with Americans and break the dilemma.


这两天美国国会的一个调查报告成为热议话题,那就是华为、中兴被贴上威胁美国国家安全的标签。为什么美国国会对华为、中兴痛下杀手?

  其一是老大对正在崛起老二的恐怖心理。金融危机使美国觉得自己老大地位不稳,而中国是其最危险的替代者。而在经济战中,美国认为自己吃了太多的亏。一方面中国成了世界制造业的中心,由于劳动力价格低廉,美大量的制造业外包到中国,美失业率居高不下;另外一方面中国持有美国大量的国债,让美不甘心。美国制造业外包是企业行为,美政客们也没有办法,于是就把中国树成靶子。目前正是美国的选战胶着期,共和、民主两党争相把中国作为抨击对象,而国会正是一个口水战的好地方,通过罗列罪名对中国公司发飙,几乎没有任何风险。

  其二是美国害怕别人跟自己一样。美国过去依靠自己的先进技术,干出许多不可告人之事。以自己之心度君子之腹,把中国公司也做了同样定位。华尔街提供了两个例子,其一是美情报机构与以色列合作,发动了针对伊朗的不光彩军事行动,并引发始料未及后果,比如制造蠕虫病毒震网,破坏伊朗的核研究项目,制造网络武器Flam e和G auss等。其二是2007年以色列空军袭击了当时被怀疑是核武器研究机构的叙利亚的一处设施,第二年有消息显示,一家法国芯片公司提供给叙利亚的雷达防御设备中包含一个“切断开关”,使叙利亚无法监测到以色列轰炸机正在执行的袭击活动。

  其三,世界承认中国还需要一个漫长过程。欧美企业早在上世纪六七十年代就已大规模走出去。其实他们在走出去的过程中,也面临诸多困难,只不过目前已成功全球化。但他们也有没被攻破的市场,比如印度,最近才刚刚允许沃尔玛开店,不曾想还引来印度全国数千万的抗议游行。而中国企业目前刚刚向全球迈出第一步,华为算是做得最好的企业之一。过去乃至现在,中国一直被西方的媒体塑成一个不透明国度,被贴上各种负面的标签,中国走出去的企业也当然被他们想当然地贴上种种标签并顺手成为抨击的对象。

  面对这种困局,一方面中国要加强国家形象的塑造宣传,重金打造软实力,另外也需要一个过程,到国际上进行各种公关宣传。这次突发事件是一个学习的过程,绕不过去。

  其实此事件对华为、中兴并不是坏事,大部分外媒其实是以同情的语调来看待此事,对美国国会的霸道提出不少批评。华为能有这样的待遇,对中国出生的企业来说,真得很少见。随着中国的崛起,欧美最熟悉的一个词是国家资本主义,他们对中国的国企进行穷追猛打,认为国企在国内得到政府太多的补贴、贷款、土地,在国际竞争中处于不公平地位。还好华为不是,但由于华为创始人的从军经历以及未公开在欧美上市,这正成为他们的把柄。所以华为也可拆分一部分在美国上市,让美国人也分食一部分,才能突破困局。
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