'House of Cards': Political Sublimation

Published in Il Manifesto
(Italy) on 16 February 2014
by Luca Celada (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Bora Mici. Edited by Gillian Palmer.
The audience at the sneak preview of "House of Cards" delighted in a first episode that already has a cult following, with Frank Underwood, congressman from the great state of South Carolina, in seventh heaven, fully dedicated to a new series of infamies in the service of increasingly unchecked ambition.

The pilot episode of the second season is replete with dramatic twists, by now required of any fiction deserving of the title. The entertainment lies in playing along, and in this case, the writers and audiences are full accomplices in the tricks of the genre: The latter are charmed by Underwood (Kevin Spacey) who addresses them in confidence.

For sure, in this post-Red Wedding world — we are talking about "Game of Thrones" — it is a given that being among the five or six main characters in a series no longer insures survival. We would like to say more, but as is well-known, none less than Barack Obama has issued an anti-spoiler order from his presidential Twitter account. Far be it from us to succumb to the temptation of television high treason. It suffices to say that the diabolical Underwood has not lost his taste or calling for hatching ploys fit for Cesare Borgia. It is not a coincidence that showrunner Beau Willimon confessed to us that in the "House of Cards" writers’ room, Machiavelli's “The Prince” is among the most consulted texts.

In reality, even more so, we are dealing with a Shakespearean character, Richard III in particular, because of Underwood's habit of turning directly to the audience and repeatedly breaking the "fourth wall," as happens in the Elizabethan tragedy, so quintessentially conspiratorial.

The Manichean mythopoetics in America does not provide for an intrinsic admiration of power and its occult machinations, however. In contrast to Italy for example, there is no natural love of conspiracy theories or implicit respect for the tyrant's well-devised ruse. The underhand agreement is not technically recognized as a natural political engine, even while it is well-known that dirty tricks get outsourced to the surveillance apparatus and secret wars, especially ones abroad: What the eye cannot see, the heart cannot mourn.

As far as political power is concerned, at the end of the day, the useful mystification of virtuous politics prevails — in the story, government conspiracies take cues from mafia ploys more often than not. A tacit admiration for intrigue applies to Don Corleone or Tony Soprano but not much to the West Wing of the White House, which in Hollywood’s imagination is full of essentially ethical politicians.

However, with Frank Underwood, we have a character who allows for a love-hate relationship with Americans, a character who is a congenitally immoral powerful man. He and his Lady Macbeth, Claire (Robin Wright), spell out politics as an infernal vapor, confirming the worst suspicions of some anti-political tea partyer, and call up the tacit admiration of Machiavellians: In summary, a canon of guilty pleasure for spectators who are finally free to indulge in the taste for unscrupulous politics, diametrically opposed to the civic virtues of Frank Capra's heroes and election ad candidates.


Il pub­blico che era alla pro­ie­zione in ante­prima di House of Cards si e’ goduto un primo epi­so­dio già stra­cult, col con­gress­man Frank Under­wood del grande stato del South Caro­lina in stato di gra­zia, pie­na­mente dedito ad una nuova serie di nefan­dezze al ser­vi­zio di un ambi­zione sem­pre più smisurata.

Il “pilota” della seconda sta­gione è infar­cito dei colpi di scena ormai requi­siti per ogni fic­tion degna di que­sto nome. Il diver­ti­mento sta nello stare al gioco e in que­sto caso autori e pub­blico sono pie­na­mente com­plici degli arti­fici del genere, amma­liati, que­sti ultimi, dal fascino indi­screto di Underwood/Kevin Spa­cey che li aspo­strofa in confidenza.

Di certo in que­sto mondo post-Red Wed­ding (par­liamo di Trono di Spade), è un dato di fatto che essere fra i 5–6 per­so­naggi prin­ci­pali di una serie non basta più come assi­cu­ra­zione sulla vita. Vor­remmo dire di più ma come è noto nie­ne­te­meno che Barack Obama dal suo twit­ter pre­si­den­ziale ha ema­nato un editto anti-spoiler. Lungi da noi la ten­ta­zione di alto tra­di­mento tele­vi­sivo. Basti dire che il mefi­sto­fe­lico Under­wood non ha perso il gusto e la voca­zione per com­plotti degni di Cesare Bor­gia. Non a caso lo sho­w­run­ner, Beau Wil­li­mon, ci ha con­fes­sato che nella wri­ters room di House of Cards, il Prin­cipe di Mac­chia­velli è fra i testi più consutati.

In realtà ancora di più si tratta di un per­so­nag­gio sha­ke­spe­riano, in par­ti­co­lare Ric­cardo III, per l’abitudine che ha Under­wood di rivol­gersi diret­ta­mente al pub­blico, rom­pendo ripe­tu­ta­mente il ‘quarto muro’ come avviene nella tra­ge­dia eli­sa­bet­tiana, cosi’ quin­tes­sen­zial­mente complottista.

La mito­po­ie­tica mani­chea in Ame­rica non pre­vede invece un’innata ammi­ra­zione del potere e delle sue occulte mac­chi­na­zioni, infatti dif­fe­ren­te­mente che in Ita­lia, ad esem­pio, non c’è una pas­sione natu­rale per le die­tro­lo­gie e l’implicito rispetto per l’intrigo ben cong­ne­gnato dal tiranno; l’inciucio non è tec­ni­ca­mente rico­no­sciuto come motore natu­rale della poli­tica, men­tre come e’ noto i “dirty tricks” ven­gono appal­tati all’apparato di sor­ve­glianza e guerre segrete soprat­tutto all’estero– occhio non vede, cuore non duole.

Per quanto riguarda il potere poli­tico pre­vale tutto som­mato l’utile misti­fi­ca­zione della poli­tica vir­tuosa – nella nar­ra­tive, le con­giure di palazzo si rife­ri­scono per­lo­più sem­mai alla trame di mafia. La tacita ammi­ra­zione dell’intrigo è appli­ca­bile a Don Cor­leone o Tony Soprano ma non tanto alla West Wing della casa bianca, popo­lata nell’immaginario hol­ly­woo­diano da poli­tici sostan­zial­mente etici.

Ecco invece con Frank Under­wood un per­so­nag­gio che auto­rizza gli Ame­ri­cani all’amore-odio per un potente con­ge­ni­ta­mente immo­rale. Lui e la sua Lady Mac­beth, Claire (Robin Wright) espli­ci­tano la poli­tica come esa­la­zione infer­nale, con­fer­mano i peg­giori sospetti di qua­lun­que anti­po­li­tico del Tea Party e invo­cano la tacita ammi­ra­zione dei mac­chia­vel­liani. Cano­nico “guilty plea­sure” insomma per gli spet­ta­tori final­mente liberi di indu­giare nel gusto della poli­tica senza scru­poli, dia­me­tri­ca­mente oppo­sta alle virtu’ civi­che degli eroi di Frank­Ca­pra e dei can­di­dati degli spot elet­to­rali.
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