First Round: China’s Victory over Trump

Published in El Universal
(Mexico) on 17 April 2017
by Jose Luis de la Cruz Gallegos (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by . Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
Donald Trump’s administration has decided not to confront China, at least as far as the exchange rate is concerned.

On Friday, the Treasury Department kept the Asian economy on its so called "watch list," at least for six more months.

It is clear that China has managed to dilute one of the promises Trump made to his voters through the "Contract with the American Voter" by labeling China a currency manipulator.

Given that 50 percent of the United States trade deficit is concentrated in China, it is clear that there will not be substantial changes to the imbalance. We will have to wait for the U.S. reaction to the deficits with Japan, Mexico and Germany, who are also on the list.

Angela Merkel was forceful during her visit to the United States; thus little will need to be done. Japan has a special geopolitical value for the United States, particularly right now.

With respect to Mexico, the renegotiation of NAFTA fell apart in the administrative and legal process that our country should take advantage of in order to carefully construct a productive new relationship. Renegotiating without the pressure of election season would be best for the country.

Why did China get the United States to soften its position on the exchange rate?

The global interests of both powers determined the new order of priorities for the United States.

The military agenda that presented itself in Syria, Afghanistan and North America has grabbed Trump’s attention. It presents an alternative focus in the face of his defeats domestically and in North America.

In order to prevent his military actions from having the same fate as his first actions with immigration and NAFTA, Trump should act with greater caution.

In Asia, he confronts the geopolitical and economic interests of Russia, China, India, Japan and Israel.

Some of his allies, however, don't want to give him a blank check to start actions that put their sovereignty and economy at risk.

Russia was forceful in pointing out that the attack on Syria goes against its strategic position in the zone. We should not forget that the Syrian government has had a historic link with Russia since the days of the former Soviet Union.

Unlike what Bill Clinton did in the Balkans, Trump is now confronting Vladimir Putin, who intends to make Russia a power to contend with in what Putin considers part of his sphere of influence.

In Afghanistan, things are no less complicated. During the ‘80s, the American government armed and enabled the Taliban in order to confront the Soviet invasion. Nevertheless, the aforementioned society broke apart years afterward and ended with the emergence of terrorism and drug trafficking that has involved the Western world on more than one occasion.

These problems will not disappear with the launching of a bomb. The United States chose to run the risk that the Islamic State would decide to escalate the conflict.

With respect to North Korea, negotiations with China are crucial, though without forgetting that the communist Korean government has sufficient military power to destabilize the region, something that is not opportune for South Korea or Japan, two strategic partners of the United States.

Given this context, it is evident that the Trump administration decided to postpone, or even forget, the economic agenda with China. The $347 million trade deficit with the Asian country should be resolved another time or by alternative mechanisms that involve further negotiation.

For China, it is a triumph that could have been anticipated; it has a greater capacity to assert influence thanks to the fact that it owns 30 percent of U.S. foreign debt and that China understands that Trump’s domestic defeats, such as the impasse regarding NAFTA, could open the possibility of advantageous trading.

Without acting rashly, China waits for the opportune moment to stand up to Trump's position. Without wearing itself out publicly, China has taken advantage of the victories of political, business, media and citizen groups in the United States, as well as other governments, in order to maintain China's ascendant and dominant position in the trade world.

To this day, Chinese state capitalism retains its advantage over directionless free trade and over the attempts to revise international trade that Trump has indicated he wants to effect.




El gobierno de Donald Trump decidió no confrontarse con China, al menos en lo que al tipo de cambio se refiere.

El viernes 14 el Departamento del Tesoro norteamericano mantuvo a la economía asiática en su denominada “lista de vigilancia”, al menos durante seis meses más.

Con ello queda claro que China ha logrado diluir uno de los compromisos adquiridos por Trump con sus electores a través del “Contrato con el Votante Americano”, etiquetar a China como manipuladora de su moneda.

Dado que China concentra 50% del déficit comercial de Estados Unidos es evidente que no habrá modificaciones sustanciales al desequilibrio. Habrá que esperar cuál será su reacción respecto al déficit con Japón, México y Alemania, quienes siguen en la lista.

Angela Merkel fue contundente en su visita a Estados Unidos, por ahí no habrá mucho que hacer. Japón tiene un valor geopolítico especial para los norteamericanos, particularmente en este momento.

Respecto a México la renegociación del TLCAN cayó en el proceso administrativo y legal que nuestro país debe aprovechar para, sin prisas, construir una nueva relación más productiva. Renegociar sin la presión de los tiempos electorales sería lo mejor para el país.

¿Por que China logró que Estados Unidos bajará de intensidad su posición respecto al tipo de cambio?

Los intereses globales de ambas potencias determinaron el nuevo orden de prioridades de Estados Unidos.

La agenda militar que se abrió en Siria, Afganistán y Corea del Norte concentra la atención de Trump. Representa una alternativa ante sus derrotas domésticas y en América del Norte.

Para evitar que tenga el mismo destino de sus acciones iniciales en materia migratoria y de renegociación del TLCAN, Trump debe actuar con mayor cautela.

En Asia enfrenta el interés geopolítico y geoeconómico de Rusia, China, la India, Japón e Israel.

Algunos son sus aliados; sin embargo, no le darán un cheque en blanco para emprender acciones que pongan en riesgo su soberanía y economía.

Rusia fue contundente al señalar que el ataque a Siria va en contra de su posición estratégica en la zona. No se debe olvidar que el gobierno sirio tiene un vínculo histórico con Rusia desde la época de la antigua Unión Soviética.

A diferencia de lo que Clinton hizo en los Balcanes, hoy Trump enfrenta a Vladimir Putin, quien intenta ubicar a Rusia como una potencia a ser tomada en cuenta en lo que considera parte de su área de influencia.

En Afganistán las cosas no son menos complicadas, durante los años 80 el gobierno norteamericano armó y dio funcionalidad a los talibanes para enfrentar a la invasión soviética. Sin embargo dicha sociedad se rompió años después y terminó con la aparición de terrorismo y tráfico de drogas que han puesto en jaque al mundo occidental en más de una ocasión.

Dichos problemas no desaparecerán con el lanzamiento de una bomba. Estados Unidos decidió correr el riesgo de que el Estado Islámico decida escalar el conflicto.

Respecto a Corea del Norte la negociación con China es crucial, ello sin olvidar que el gobierno comunista coreano tiene el poder militar suficiente para desestabilizar a la región, algo que no sería oportuno para Corea del Sur y Japón, dos socios estratégicos de Estados Unidos.

Bajo dicho contexto es evidente que el gobierno de Donald Trump decidió posponer, y quizá olvidar, la agenda económica con China. El déficit comercial con el país asiático, (-) 347 mil millones de dólares, deberá corregirse en otro momento, o por mecanismos alternativos que impliquen una mayor negociación.

Para China es un triunfo que se podía anticipar: tiene mayor capacidad de influencia gracias a que posee 30% de la deuda de Estados Unidos en manos de extranjeros y a que entendió que las derrotas domésticas de Trump, así como el impasse respecto al TLCAN, le abrirían la posibilidad de negociar ventajosamente.

Sin precipitarse, China espero el momento oportuno para hacer frente a la posición de Trump, sin desgastarse públicamente aprovechó las victorias de los grupos políticos, empresariales, mediáticos y ciudadanos en Estados Unidos, así como de otros gobiernos, para mantener su posición ascendente y dominante en el mercado mundial.

Hasta hoy el Capitalismo de Estado chino mantiene su ventaja sobre la apertura comercial sin dirección y sobre el intento de revisión comercio internacional que Trump ha intentado operar.
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