The Difficult Life of US Students

Published in Corriere della Sera
(Italy) on 31 January 2019
by Massimo Gaggi (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Federica Vavala. Edited by Arielle Eirienne.
According to a report by the Wisconsin Hope Lab, an institution that analyzes social disparities, malnutrition affects over half of the students, but it is not their only problem: 14 percent of those attending community college are homeless.

A growing number of American students are malnourished, eating too little and too poorly (mostly junk food) as they are faced with hardships caused by the rapidly rising costs of college tuition and fees, not just at the great private schools such as Harvard and Stanford, but also at community colleges. Millions of college students deal with food insecurity, according to a study by the Government Accountability Office, a congressional agency that oversees the government’s activities. The GAO has filled a gap (there are no federal inquiries in this field) by comparing the results of tens of local reports. It is even worse in community colleges, public colleges, especially technical schools, where students (often from low income families) earn two-year degrees. According to a report by the Wisconsin Hope Lab, an institution that analyzes social disparities, malnutrition affects more than half of the students, but it is not their only problem: 14 percent of those attending community college are homeless.

They have no housing and end up sleeping in the street or couch-surfing with fellow students who are willing to host them for a few days. America’s higher education system is rightfully renowned for the high quality education imparted in its best institutions, especially as far as scientific subjects are concerned. However, this system is merciless for those that do not have access to ample financial resources: students are forced to live on tight budgets or take student loans for tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars. Currently, more than 44 million U.S. citizens, both current and former students, have to pay back student loans of $1.5 trillion, thereby already carrying the burden of significant debt as they enter the job market. Some economists fear that this huge student debt may become the next credit bubble, 11 years after the one caused by subprime mortgages. Perhaps we will avoid a new Lehman case, but this is already wreaking deep social consequences, such as the acceleration of rural flight. According to a study by the Federal Reserve, the increased influx of young people moving to metropolitan areas is made up especially of university students that took large student loans: they know that only large cities offer any chance to find the high-paying jobs that will allow them to repay their debts.


La dura vita degli studenti Usa

Secondo un rapporto di qualche tempo fa di Hope Labs, un organismo del Wisconsin che analizza le carenze sociali, la malnutrizione qui riguarda oltre la metà degli studenti, ma non è l’unico problema: il 14%, nei community college, è addirittura homeless

In difficoltà perché devono far fronte a rette universitarie che continuano a salire rapidamente non solo nelle grandi accademie private come Harvard o Stanford, ma anche nelle università pubbliche, un numero crescente di studenti americani è malnutrito: mangia poco e male, soprattutto junk food. Sono milioni gli studenti dei college che vivono nella precarietà alimentare, secondo uno studio del Gao (Government Accountability Office, organismo tecnico del Congresso che sorveglia l’attività del governo). Il Gao ha riempito un vuoto (non esistono indagini federali in questo campo) mettendo a confronto i risultati di decine di inchieste locali. Va ancora peggio nei community college: università pubbliche, soprattutto istituti tecnici, nei quali gli studenti — spesso di famiglie a basso reddito — conseguono una laurea breve. Secondo un rapporto di qualche tempo fa di Hope Labs, un organismo del Wisconsin che analizza le carenze sociali, la malnutrizione qui riguarda oltre la metà degli studenti, ma non è l’unico problema: il 14%, nei community college, è addirittura homeless.

Non ha un alloggio: finisce per dormire in strada o passa da una camera all’altra dei compagni disposti ad ospitarlo per qualche giorno. Il sistema universitario americano è giustamente famoso per la qualità dell’insegnamento — soprattutto scientifico — impartito dagli atenei migliori. Ma è anche un sistema spietato con chi non ha ampie disponibilità economiche: gli studenti sono costretti a tirare la cinghia o a contrarre un prestito studentesco di decine o anche di centinaia di migliaia di dollari. Negli Usa oggi ci sono 44 milioni di cittadini — studenti o ex studenti — che devono rimborsare prestiti universitari per 1500 miliardi di dollari: entrano nel mercato del lavoro con già sulle spalle il peso di un mutuo. Alcuni economisti temono che l’enorme debito studentesco possa diventare la prossima bolla creditizia, innesco di una nuova crisi finanziaria, 11 anni dopo quella provocata dai mutui subprime. Forse eviteremo un nuovo caso Lehman, ma questa crisi sta già avendo conseguenze sociali profonde come l’accelerazione dello spopolamento delle regioni rurali: secondo uno studio della Federal Reserve, l’aumento dei flussi dei giovani verso le aree metropolitane riguarda soprattutto studenti universitari che hanno contratto grossi prestiti di studio: sanno che solo nelle grandi città possono sperare trovare lavori ad alto reddito che consentiranno loro di onorare il debito.
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