Vaccine Hesitancy

Published in Folha de Sao Paulo
(Brazil) on 28 July 2021
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Thiago Sebben. Edited by Laurence Bouvard.
Resistance to immunization undermines the progress in controlling the pandemic in the U.S.

The Delta variant of the COVID-19 virus is a cause for concern. Among other relaxation measures, the United States has even dispensed with masks for those already vaccinated, given the progress in controlling the pandemic.

The daily average of new cases grows. Hospitalizations and deaths too, but at a much slower pace than new infections.

Surprisingly, the contagion resurgence also brings good news. The most important fact is that the vaccines work, even against the dreaded Delta variant. About 97% of new hospitalizations occurs among unvaccinated individuals. The situation is more serious in the states that have the lowest vaccination coverage.

In Louisiana, which has only 37% of the population immunized, the rate of new infections is 79 per 100,000 population (the U.S. average is 19 per 100,000).

In Vermont, where vaccination reached 67% of inhabitants, the rate of recent infections is only 4 per 100,000. While the number of new cases has grown in Vermont, unlike in Louisiana, hospitalizations have dropped and no deaths have been reported.

At this point, the biggest problem in the U.S. is called vaccine hesitancy, defined as the refusal or postponement of immunization when products are available. There are vaccines for all adults and adolescents who wish to take them, but coverage with two doses reaches only 49% of the population.

After a significant advance in the first semester, the process is now much slower. As the portion of Americans who were willing to get vaccinated has already done so, progress now depends on convincing those who are reluctant. In the past, the U.S. was giving out 3.3 million shots a day; now, it inoculates around 500,000.

Companies and states already offer various vaccination incentives, including cash prize lotteries, days off and even free beer. The next step is to demand a vaccination certificate for the exercise of certain functions and activities.

Brazil is far behind in coverage, with only 24% of adults fully immunized, and there are not enough vaccines for everyone who wants to have them.

However, Brazil has the advantage of having a less reluctant population. According to the latest Datafolha survey, 94% has either already taken the vaccine or intends to do so when possible. According to the Economist/YouGov survey, the average is only 70% in the U.S.


Nos EUA, resistência à imunização torna desigual avanço no controle da epidemia

A variante delta do vírus da Covid-19 causa preocupação nos Estados Unidos, que, dado o avanço no controle da epidemia, chegaram a dispensar o uso de máscaras para os já vacinados, entre outras medidas de relaxamento.
A média diária de novos casos cresce; hospitalizações e mortes também, mas num ritmo bem menor do que o de novas infecções.
Paradoxalmente, o recrudescimento do contágio também encerra boas notícias. A mais importante é que as vacinas funcionam, mesmo contra a temível delta. Cerca de 97% das novas hospitalizações ocorrem entre não vacinados, e a situação é mais grave nas unidades federativas que apresentam as menores coberturas vacinais.
Na Louisiana, que tem apenas 37% da população imunizada, a taxa de novas infecções é de 79 por 100 mil habitantes (a média dos EUA está em 19 por 100 mil).
Já em Vermont, onde a vacinação alcançou 67% dos residentes, a taxa de infecções recentes é de apenas 4 por 100 mil. E, embora o número de novos casos tenha crescido também nesse estado, as hospitalizações caíram e não se registraram mortes —diferentemente do ocorrido na Louisiana.
A esta altura, o maior problema dos EUA chama-se hesitação vacinal, definida como a recusa ou o adiamento da imunização quando existem produtos disponíveis. Lá, há vacinas para todos os adultos e adolescentes que desejem tomá-las, mas a cobertura com duas doses atinge só 49% da população.
Depois de um avanço expressivo no primeiro semestre, o processo agora está bem mais lento, pois a parcela dos americanos que estava ansiosa pela vacina já a tomou, e progressos dependem cada vez mais de convencer os recalcitrantes. O país, que chegou a aplicar 3,3 milhões de injeções por dia, hoje inocula cerca de 500 mil.
Empresas e estados já oferecem variados tipos de incentivos à imunização, incluindo loterias com prêmio em dinheiro, dias de folga e até cerveja grátis. O próximo passo é passar a exigir certificado de vacinação para o exercício de certas funções e atividades.
O Brasil está bem atrás em cobertura, com apenas 24% dos adultos totalmente imunizados, e ainda não há biofármacos para todos os que desejem tomá-los.
Temos, no entanto, a vantagem de a resistência ser menor. Pelo último Datafolha, 94% ou já tomaram a vacina ou pretendem fazê-lo quando possível. Nos EUA, segundo pesquisa Economist/YouGov, esse número é de apenas 70%.
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