Freedom Overpowering Equality Is America's War

Published in Huanqiu
(China) on 24 October 2011
by Chen Xiankui (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Sharon Chiao. Edited by Gillian Palmer.
The biggest surprise of 2011 is that the “Arab Spring” did not sweep up Iran, China, Russia and other CIS countries — as some people had wished — but has instead awkwardly evolved into today’s “Wall Street Autumn.” It has become a global “anti-capitalist” movement. But how did it start?

A longstanding problem in Europe and the U.S. is that freedom overpowers equality. Europe and America advocate freedom. The U.S. considers itself the world’s beacon of freedom, making the Statue of Liberty its national emblem. The problem is that the basis and premise of freedom need the economy, society and even government and law to all be equal. Since the beginning of the Enlightenment in the West, equality is the highest value. While the upper class was rising up, equality represented the ideological and political banner of expanding the interests of the middle and lower-class people.

However, following the dominating economic, political and ideological rise of the upper class — even with capitalism at the core of socio-political, ideological and cultural integration — the one-dimensional, homogeneous way slowly, but continuously highlighted the value of the freedom and democracy of the upper class. This put freedom onto a high pedestal, causing the value of equality to slowly become subordinate to the value of freedom and democracy. When there is a conflict between the public’s demand for equality and the principle of free capital, then the public’s demand for equality must follow the rules and regulations of free capital — and may even be attacked as the “hostile ideology” of socialism. Thus, in developed countries in Europe and the U.S., freedom has become the core value, even middle-class and lower-class people have long “been free.”

Unfortunately, extremes meet. In theory, on one hand, monetary politics is a common characteristic in Europe and the U.S.: Money restricts the nature and extent of freedom. On the other hand, since 2008, the extreme selfishness and greed and the authoritarian monopoly displayed by the Wall Street financial oligarchy has once again mangled the long-built superficial unified value of a free, democratic, equal and just society in Europe and the U.S. This has revealed the huge gap between free capital and equality.

On one hand, 1 percent of America’s wealthiest hold approximately 40 percent of the social wealth, while 99 percent of Americans cannot attain legitimate interests from economic growth. And yet, during the economic crisis they were affected by Wall Street’s financial capital crisis. On the other hand, normally, financial capital is able to enjoy the luxury of freedom. However, once there is a crisis, it not only needs taxpayers to pay for the billion-dollar debt, but it also needs the free market to prevent financial reform. It uses the concept of “small government, big society” to refuse state constraints on speculative capital, and it opposes the management functions of state tax increases and welfare programs.

The “Occupy Wall Street” movement cannot protest America’s freedom and democracy. However, it can openly protest unfair street politics, request new trade-offs and choices for freedom and equality, and require that the 99 percent’s vital interest of equality will be regarded as America’s core value. Only after these are accomplished will any far-reaching impact be produced.


2011年最让人大跌眼镜的事情,是“中东革命”不仅没有按照某些人的意愿席卷伊朗、中国和俄罗斯等独联体国家,反而令人极为尴尬地演变为今天的“华尔街之秋”,成为一场席卷全球的“反资本主义”运动。原因何在呢?


  欧美社会长期以来的问题,是自由压倒了平等。欧美崇尚自由,美国人更以世界的自由灯塔自居,以自由女神作为国家的象征。问题是自由要以经济、社会以及政策、法律的平等作为基础和前提。从西方启蒙运动开始,平等就是启蒙的要素价值之一,是资产阶级在上升时期成为广大中下层大众利益代表的一面思想政治旗帜。


  但随着资产阶级在经济、政治和思想意识形态等方面上升到统治地位,就在以资本为核心的社会政治及其思想文化的整合中,逐渐以单向度、同质化的方式不断突出资产阶级自由、民主的价值,尤其把自由强调到难以复加的高度,平等的价值逐渐处于自由、民主的附属地位。当社会大众的平等要求与垄断资本的自由原则有矛盾冲突时,大众的平等要求就必须绝对服从资本自由的制约和规范,甚至会被纳入社会主义的“敌对意识形态”加以攻击。于是,在欧美发达国家,自由成为核心价值,甚至中产阶级以下的人民大众长期以来也都“被自由”了。


  可惜物极必反。一方面,从理论上讲,在欧美普遍以金钱政治为基本特征的前提下,金钱制约着自由的性质与程度;另一方面,2008年以来华尔街金融寡头表现出的极端自私贪婪和垄断专制,再次撕裂了欧美社会在自由民主和公平正义之间被长期塑造起来的表面的价值统一性,凸显了资本自由和大众平等之间的巨大鸿沟。


  一方面,1%的美国富豪掌握了40%左右的巨大社会财富,99%的美国人不仅得不到经济增长的正当利益,在危机时反而还要受到华尔街金融资本的牵连与祸害。另一方面,金融资本平日里奢侈地享受自由,但一旦危机来临,却不仅要以成千上万亿美元的规模让受祸害的纳税人为之埋单,而且还以自由市场的名义反对金融改革,以“小政府、大社会”的名义拒绝国家对投机资本的约束,并且反对国家增税和履行扶助弱势群体的管理职能。


  “占领华尔街”运动,不可能反对美国的自由与民主,但是却通过公开反对不平等的街头政治形式,要求在自由与平等之间作出新的权衡与抉择,要求把反映99%切身利益的平等主张上升到美国核心价值的高度,这必将能够产生极为深远的影响。
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