Obama Hopes Soft Power Will Restore U.S.

Published in Sina
(China) on 22 January 2009
by Bai Shuo (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Ming Li. Edited by Louis Standish.
This is not just a careful design to show the soft power of the U.S. For Obama, only a revelation of the good side of the U.S. can get it supports and helps from the world, so the current financial crisis that is wrecking havoc and the economic recession that has effects on his political future will weather through.

Obama’s efforts to furbish up the U.S. image with soft power can be seen in his inauguration that is thick in a cultural tone. In a time when history and reality gathered together, with priest praying freedom, singer eulogizing patriotism, poet chanting equality, and musician playing optimism, people temporarily forgot about the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, forgot about missiles and fighter jets, forgot about the financial crisis that is making damage when they were seeing another face of American culture-- hard work, honesty, courage and tolerance.

This is not just a careful design to show the soft power of the U.S. For Obama, only a revelation of the good side of the U.S. can get it support and helps from the world, so the current financial crisis that is wrecking havoc and the economic recession that has effects on his political future will weather through. Obama shows this thought in his inaugural address, as he hopes to “seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect.”, he tries to use America’s values, which is the soft power, to “pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off and begin again the work of remaking America.” The address itself is a great effort to magnify the soft power of the U.S.

Through the inaugural address, the core of Obama’s domestic and diplomatic mind can be seen. He tries to unite as many people as possible by borrowing the spirit of sacrifice and the will of fortitude from the forbears of the U.S.A, to work together and deal with the grave economic slump. In his address, “people,” “common,” “nation” and “responsibility” are frequently used, which hints that he is not a president of minorities and Democratic Party, but a president of the America, and also these words without a tint of a social group are easy to be used to unite the American people.

Domestically, it is clear that he would like to take a middle path for domestic economic policies. What he wants is neither a “big government” of nationalism nor a “small government” of liberalism, but a practical government that helps American families find decent wage. He emphasized that the biggest responsibility for officials is to spend money wisely and get trust from people. For the market system, he would not shake it as a basic economic system or swerve away from it like some critics said he would, but put “a watchful eye” when respecting the market force. For the assessment of economic success, Obama government will not only pay attention on GDP, but more on “the reach of our prosperity” and “opportunity to every willing heart”, in other words, it will focus more on social fairness and equal opportunity.

Diplomatically, Obama expressed that the U.S. will try to cooperate with every country to “work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet” and safeguard peace. And the U.S. will “extend a hand” to “those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent” if they improve a bit and “unclench your fist,” which is different from Bush’s mindset of inflicting American values onto the whole world.

In terms of wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Obama said clearly that “We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan,” which means the U.S. army will retreat from Iraq but stay in Afghanistan. This is also a demonstration that the U.S. has ability to manipulate the Iraq government while the situation in Afghanistan is not stable yet. In fact, the U.S. and its allies in Europe have reached a consensus about the station of troops in Afghanistan, which has a direct effect on their strategy for central Asia and west Asia.

The difference between the administrative concepts of Bush and Obama lay perhaps in the fact that Bush used hard power to guarantee and expand America’s interests, which turned the U.S. lose its credit standing, and Obama tries to use soft power to rescue the U.S. from stagnancy and renew America’s international image. The common things they share are that both of them want to lead the world, and both want to make the American spirit shine forever. But after the jolly time, the test Obama must stand up to is --- can such a display of soft power really keep the America interests in safety?

Bai Shuo is a scholar in Guangdong province


奥巴马力图以软实力恢复美国形象  

作者:白烁

  这仅仅是展示美国软实力的一场精心设计,对奥巴马政府来说,也只有把美国良好的一面展示给世界,才有希望获得世界的支持和帮助,度过正在肆虐的金融危机和影响他政治前途的经济衰退。

  奥巴马力图用软力量恢复美国形象的路线,从就职典礼浓郁的文化气息中已经显现。牧师祈祷自由,歌唱家颂扬爱国,诗人朗诵平等,音乐家演奏乐观,历史和现实的重叠交汇中让人们暂时忘记阿富汗和伊拉克的战争,忘记导弹和战斗机,忘记正在肆虐的金融危机,引导人们看到美国文化的另一个面孔:诚实、勤勉、勇敢和宽容。

  这仅仅是展示美国软实力的一场精心设计,对奥巴马政府来说,也只有把美国良好的一面展示给世界,才有希望获得世界的支持和帮助,度过正在肆虐的金融危机和影响他政治前途的经济衰退。奥巴马的就职演说中,体现的正是这种思想,希望“基于共同的利益和信仰,寻找更好的合作之路”;他想用美国价值观,也就是软实力,“重新找回我们自己,掸去身上的尘土,开始重塑美国的重任”。奥巴马的演讲本身,就在极力放大美国的软力量。

  奥巴马的就职演讲中,人们可以看到他的内政与外交思想的核心。就内政而言,他想努力用美国先辈的牺牲精神和坚忍不拔的意志,尽可能团结更多的人,共同面对真切而严重的经济衰退。在他的演讲中,“人民”、“共同”、“国家”、“责任”等词语频频出现,不仅暗示他是全美而非少数民族和民主党的总统,而且这些带有团体色彩的语汇很容易聚合美国人的凝聚力。

  在国内经济政策上,他显然要走中间道路,即不采取国家主义的“大政府”,也不遵循自由主义的“小政府”,而是注重政府的成效,帮助家庭获得体面的收入;他强调政府公务人员的最大责任是把钱用在刀刃上,从而赢得人民的信任。就市场体制而言,他不会动摇这个基本的经济制度,不会像一些评论家所言要转向,而是在充分尊重市场力量的基础上加强“审慎的监管”。在经济成效的评价上,奥巴马政府不仅要强调经济总量,更会注重“我们的繁荣程度上”和“所提供的机会上”,也就是会更加注重社会公正和机会均等。

  在外交上,奥巴马表示会努力同世界各国合作,“共同消除核威胁,解决全球变暖”问题,捍卫和平。对于“那些依靠腐败和欺骗并压制异议而追求权利的人们”,只要有所改进,“张开紧握的拳头”,美国就会“伸出友谊之手。”这与布什向全世界强行推广美国价值观的思路不同。

  就结束阿富汗、伊拉克战争问题上,奥巴马明确说“将伊拉克还给当地的人民,并在阿富汗保卫来之不易的和平。”也就是说,美国会从伊拉克撤军而在阿富汗驻军,这也显示美国已经能操纵伊拉克政府,而阿富汗局势尚不稳定。实际上,美国和欧洲盟国在阿富汗驻军已成共识,直接影响着欧美的中亚、西亚战略。

  布什与奥巴马执政路线最大的不同或许在于,前者以硬实力维护和拓展美国利益,结果让美国失去信誉,后者极力用软实力拯救陷于困顿的美国,努力重塑美国的国际形象。他们两人的共同点则是,都想领导世界,都想让美国精神“永远闪耀着光芒”。不过热闹之后,奥巴马所面临的重大考验是:这样的软实力展示真能维护美国利益吗?

  □白烁(广东 学者)
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