BP Could Be Worse

Published in El Mundo
(Spain) on 21 July 2010
by Pablo Pardo (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Anna Laznik. Edited by Gillian Palmer.
BP Has Been Less Bad

I admit an offense: I like the big oil companies (Exxon Mobil, Shell, Chevron, BP and Total).

It’s not that I like them for what they are. I like them because of the alternative: An alternative formed by businesses that are much bigger, much more corrupt, that aren’t subject to anything but the control of the dictator in turn, and that often serve to finance corrupt states (and I believe that in Spain we have an excellent example of what happens when a business is too closely linked to political power, as the savings banks have made clear).

Those monsters are the Venezuelan PDVSA, the Mexican Pemex, the Russian Lukoil, the Chinese CNOOC and the Saudi ARAMCO.

In reality, the petroleum business is not a triumph — or an aberration — of capitalism. On the contrary, it is a triumph — or an aberration — of statism. Eighty-eight percent of global petroleum reserves and 52 percent of oil production is in the hands of public companies. Only Saudi ARAMCO has eight times more crude oil reserves than Exxon Mobil, BP and Chevron combined, according to this study (SEE HERE), although it is possible that the recent boom in Canadian oil reserves has barely tied the Saudi capacity.

In fact, two-thirds of the reserves and one-third of the global production of petroleum are controlled by a cartel: OPEC, formed by 12 states, of which only one — Ecuador — is fully democratic. In spite of the fact that those 12 countries have been trying to push for higher crude oil prices for the last four decades, not one of them has come out of underdevelopment.

Evidently, not all state-owned businesses are the same. The national oil companies with operational and strategic autonomy, like the Norwegian Statoil or Brazilian Petrobras, although public, follow private management models. That is not the case with “national oil companies” like PDVSA, Pemex or Saudi ARAMCO, which function, in practice, like their countries’ gigantic cash dispensers. Nor is it the case with the CNOOC, which by virtue of China’s legislation has the right to keep 51 percent of any oil findings made by foreign companies in the South China Sea. (SEE HERE)

I don’t even want to think about what will become of the above-mentioned South China Sea in a few years.

In this context, monstrous amateurs like BP almost inspire compassion. Can anyone imagine what would have happened if the Macondo well (yes, like the name of the town from “One Hundred Years of Solitude”) at Deepwater Horizon were the property of a state-owned company of a country that wasn’t the U.S.? In that case, without a doubt, the incident would have turned into a diplomatic problem, especially if the company at fault were property of some “anti-imperialist” government. We would be facing boycotts against U.S. products, threats of tax increases or God knows what.

At least large oil companies have to fight with shareholders, ecological groups, regulators and politicians. On the other hand, it is certain, they have the economic power to lobby the whole world. But compared to state oil companies, their margin of maneuver is much smaller at all levels.

Therefore, paradoxically, what has happened with Deepwater Horizon is the least bad thing that could happen, because it affects one of the less bad companies in one of the less bad countries (in spite of the power oil companies have in the U.S.).


Menos mal que ha sido BP

Admito una perversión: las grandes petroleras (Exxon Mobil, Shell, Chevron, BP y Total) me caen bien.

No es que me caigan bien por sí mismas. Me caen bien por la alternativa. Una alternativa formada por empresas muchísimo más grandes, mucho más corruptas, que no están sometidas más que al control del dictador de turno y que a menudo sirven para financiar a Estados corruptos (y creo que en España tenemos un excelente ejemplo de lo que pasa cuando una empresa está demasiado cerca del poder político… como han dejado claro las cajas de ahorros).

Esos monstruos son la venezolana PDVSA, la mexicana Pemex, la rusa Lukoil, la china CNOOC, o la saudí Saudi ARAMCO.

En realidad, el negocio petrolero no es un triunfo—o una aberración—del capitalismo.

Todo lo contrario. Es un triunfo—o una aberración—del estatismo. El 88% de las reservas mundiales de petróleo y el 52% de la producción están en manos de empresas públicas. Sólo Saudi ARAMCO tiene ocho veces más reservas de crudo que Exxon Mobil, BP y Chrevron juntas, según este estudio, aunque es posible que las cosas se hayan igualado mínimamente con el boom de las arenas bituminosas canadienses.

De hecho, dos tercios de las reservas y un tercio de la producción mundial de petróleo son controlados por un cartel, la OPEP, formado por 12 Estados de los que sólo uno—Ecuador—es plenamente democrático. A pesar de que esos 12 países llevan tratando de empujar al alza el precio del crudo desde hace cuatro décadas, ni uno ha salido del subdesarrollo.

Evidentemente, no todas las empresas estatales son iguales. Las empresas petroleras nacionales con autonomía operacional y estratégica, como la noruega Statoil o la brasileña Petrobras, aunque públicas, siguen modelos de gestión privada. No es ése el caso de las ‘petroleras nacionales’, como PDVSA, Pemex o Saudi ARAMCO, que funcionan en la práctica como gigantescos cajeros automáticos de sus países. O de CNOOC, que, en virtud de la legislación china, tiene el derecho a quedarse con el 51% de lo que obtengan en el Mar del Sur de China las empresas extranjeras que encuentren petróleo en él. No quiero ni pensar cómo va a quedar el susodicho Mar del Sur de China en unos años.

En ese contexto, monstruos chapuceros—como BP—casi inspiran compasión. ¿Se imagina alguien lo que hubiera pasado si el pozo ‘Macondo’ (sí, como el pueblo de ‘Cien años de soledad’) que es donde estaba la ‘Deepwater Horizon’ hubiera sido propiedad de una empresa estatal de un país que no fuera EEUU? En ese caso, no nos quepa duda, el incidente se habría convertido en un problema diplomático. Máxime si la empresa causante del accidente hubiera sido propiedad de algún Gobierno ‘antiimperialista’. Estaríamos ante boicots a productos de EEUU, amenazas con subidas de aranceles o sabe Dios qué.

Al menos, las grandes petroleras tienen que pelar con accionistas, grupos ecologistas, reguladores y políticos. A cambio, es cierto, tienen poder económico para hacer todo el ‘lobby’ del mundo. Pero, comparadas con las empresas petroleras estatales, su margen de maniobra es mucho más pequeño a todos los niveles.

Así que, paradójicamente, lo que ha pasado con la ‘Deepwater Horizon’ es lo menos malo que podía suceder, porque afecta a una de las empresas menos malas en uno de los países menos malos (a pesar del poder de las petroleras en EEUU).
This post appeared on the front page as a direct link to the original article with the above link .

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