It is no secret that economic growth is one of the variables that best predicts the results of some elections. However, in the case of Barack Obama’s reelection, analysts agree that the unemployment rate, rather than GDP growth, is the key indicator.
Technically, the U.S. left recession in the third quarter of 2009. Nevertheless, since then, GDP growth has been irregular and it was not strong enough to significantly reduce unemployment. For this reason, the majority of the population still does not feel that it has reached recovery.
When the legislative [elections] were held last November, the country had a year to grow economically, but the unemployment rate stubbornly stayed at around 10 percent. This allowed Republicans to criticize their opponents during the campaign with the argument that Obama’s policies were responsible for the economic mess.
The strategy worked to perfection, and the conservatives gave the biggest electoral beating in recent decades. However, data from recent months seem to show that in 2010, the unemployment rate could become the greatest ally of the Democratic Party and especially Obama.
The U.S. economy created 216,000 jobs in March, the fourth consecutive month with a surplus of jobs, leaving the unemployment rate at 8.8 percent. The figure was better than what analysts hoped for, pointing to a possible recovery of businesses’ confidence, as well as their appetite for reinvesting in new staff.
It certainly seems very difficult for the economy to recover the 8.5 million jobs lost during the recession before November 2012, once again putting the unemployment rate at about 5 percent. However, Obama needs to be less ambitious to be able to present himself before the voters with a winning message.
When Obama took office in January 2009, the unemployment rate stood at 7.8 percent, and during the following months, it rose progressively until reaching 10.1 percent, its peak during this recession. If in the next few months the unemployment rate continues falling and stays below 8 percent, Obama will be able to argue in his electoral campaign that his economic policy is finally taking off. With the ship in the right direction, let’s say, now is the worst time to change the captain.
Also, the recent evolution of unemployment can also benefit the White House in deterring some of its most dangerous opponents, like Chris Christie, from running for office. For now, all the presumed presidential candidates find themselves suspending their options and an improvement in economic prospects could ultimately convince them to wait until 2016 to launch their assault on the White House.
The current situation presents a storm cloud for President Obama: Oil prices have reached their highest level in the last 30 months because of the instability in the Middle East. If the price shoots up, the recovery of the U.S. economy could end, just like last year’s European debt crisis, jeopardizing his chances of being reelected.
La reelección de Obama y la tasa de paro
No es ningún secreto que el crecimiento económico es una de las variables que mejor permiten predecir el resultado de unas elecciones. Sin embargo, en el caso concreto de la reelección de Barack Obama, los analistas coinciden en señalar la tasa de paro, más que el crecimiento del PIB, como el indicador decisivo.
Cuando se celebraron las legislativas del pasado noviembre, el paÃs llevaba un año creciendo económicamente, pero la tasa de paro se mantenÃa tozuda alrededor del 10%. Ello permitió a los republicanos fustigar a sus adversarios durante la campaña con el argumento de que las polÃticas de Obama eran las responsables del desaguisado económico.
La economÃa estadounidense creó 216.000 empleos en marzo, el cuarto mes consecutivo con un saldo positivo de puestos de trabajo, dejando la tasa de paro en un 8,8%. El dato fue mejor de lo esperado por los analistas, que apuntan a una posible recuperación de la confianza por parte de las empresas, asà como de su apetito por volver a invertir en la contratación de nuevo personal.
Ciertamente, parece muy difÃcil que la economÃa pueda recuperar los 8,5 millones de trabajos perdidos durante la recesión antes de noviembre del 2012, situando de nuevo la tasa de paro alrededor del 5%. No obstante, Obama necesita una evolución menos ambiciosa para poder presentarse ante los electores con un mensaje ganador.
Cuando Obama asumió la presidencia en enero del 2009, el nivel de desempleo se situaba en el 7,8%, y durante los siguientes meses ascendió progresivamente hasta alcanzar el 10,1%, su pico en esta recesión. Si en los próximos meses el paro continúa cayendo, y se sitúa por debajo del 8%, Obama podrá argumentar en su campaña electoral que su polÃtica económica está dando por fin sus frutos. Con la nave en la dirección adecuada, dirá, es el peor momento para cambiar el capitán.
El escenario actual presenta sólo un nubarrón para el presidente Obama, el precio del petróleo, que ha alcanzado su cota más alta de los últimos 30 meses a causa de la inestabilidad en Oriente Medio. Si se dispara el precio, podrÃa abortar el relanzamiento de la economÃa estadounidense, de la misma forma que lo hizo la crisis de la deuda europea el año pasado, comprometiendo sus opciones de salir reelegido.
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