My Hope for More Democracy in Myanmar

Published in Ryukyushimpo
(Japan) on 5 December 2011
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Ryan Whiting. Edited by Michelle Harris.
"These are beginning steps, and we are prepared to go even further if reforms maintain momentum. In that spirit, we are discussing what it will take to upgrade diplomatic relations and exchange ambassadors," said U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton when she met with Myanmar President Thein Sein. In effect, this would mean a change from a temporary chargé d'affaires to a full ambassadorial exchange.

A lift in economic sanctions could be close. I want this to be a great opportunity that pushes forward democracy in Myanmar.

However, this is the same country where democratic efforts always take one step forward and one step back. My hope is that the Myanmar government will seriously consider the international community’s hopes for them and speed up their efforts to democratize the country.

In November, at the resumption of an official development assistance meeting, Japan and the United States expressed that the people of Myanmar, who are under a military government, have a large responsibility. These nations hope to push forward democratic reforms while carefully looking at the developing situation.

At the beginning of the year, the Myanmar government began discussions on democratic efforts, released a political prisoner and softened media regulations. Japan, the United States and Europe took this as a sign of improving relations.

Yet, the memories are still fresh of a military Myanmar government, which unexpectedly removed reformist President Khin Nyunt in 2004. The vice presidents, who were conservatives, were dissatisfied with “excessive compromises” for the sake of democratic efforts. Optimistic attitudes were taboo. Japan, the U.S. and Europe will have to be cautious by distributing aid a little at a time.

Secretary Clinton presented assistance measures for democratic efforts after meeting with democratic reform leader Aung San Suu Kyi. The contents of the assistance measures included humanitarian aid, measures to counteract poverty, assistance for landmine victims, and the expansion of microcredit operations for minorities.

That being said, the hidden reason for the United States’ change has to be its goal of containing China. Up until now, Myanmar has been one of China’s three sworn allies, alongside Pakistan and North Korea. China appears to be very sensitive to Myanmar’s and the United States’ sudden closeness.

The U.S. and China should not cause any unnecessary problems between themselves and Myanmar. I hope that they do not plant any seeds of discord in Asia by focusing too much on their own interests.

Japan, the U.S. and Europe have rushed over here to give aid, but their hidden desire to obtain Myanmar’s rich natural resources appears now and again.

However, the most important matter is human rights for the minorities and citizens of Myanmar who have received persecution under the military government. I hope that each country does not rush to a game of “resource plundering” but, instead, cooperates and stimulates the fledgling democratic movement.


米国のクリントン国務長官がミャンマーのセイン大統領に「前向きな改革が続けば外交関係格上げを検討する」と表明した。臨時代理大使レベルの交換から大使レベルへの格上げを意味する。
 経済制裁解除も間近だろう。これがミャンマー民主化を進展させる大きな契機になってほしい。
 ただ、同国の民主化はこれまでも一進一退を繰り返してきた。ミャンマー政府は国際社会の期待を重く受け止め、民主改革を確実に実行し、加速させてほしい。
 11月に政府開発援助再開を伝えた日本も米国同様、軍政下のミャンマー国民に対し大きな責任を負っている。慎重に動向を見極めつつ一層の民主化を引き出したい。
 ミャンマー政府は今年に入って民主化勢力との対話を始め、政治犯の釈放、メディア規制緩和などを次々に打ち出した。それを受け、日米や欧州各国も関係改善のサインを送り始めた経緯がある。
 ただ、ミャンマー軍政が2004年に「改革派」とされたキン・ニュン首相を突然解任したことは記憶に新しい。副大統領ら「守旧派」は民主化勢力への「過剰な譲歩」に不満を抱いているとされる。楽観視は禁物だ。日米欧各国には動向を見定め、一歩ずつ支援を広げる慎重さも必要だろう。
 クリントン長官は民主化運動指導者アウン・サン・スー・チーさんと会談した後、米国の民主化支援策を発表した。小口融資事業の少数民族向け拡充や地雷被害者救済など貧困対策や人道支援が中心で、支援の中身も妥当と言える。
 とはいえ米国の変化の裏に、中国へのけん制の狙いがあるのは間違いない。従来、ミャンマーは北朝鮮やパキスタンと並ぶ中国の“三大盟友”とされてきた。そのミャンマーと米国との急接近に中国は神経をとがらせているようだ。
 米中両国はいたずらにミャンマーと相手国との離間策に走ってはならない。自国の利益を図るあまり、アジアに混乱の種をもたらさないでほしい。
 日米欧の各国ともここへ来て支援に前のめりになっているが、ミャンマーの豊富な天然資源を獲得したい狙いも見え隠れする。
 しかし、何より大切なのは軍政下で迫害を受けてきたミャンマー国民、少数民族の人権だ。各国は「資源収奪ゲーム」に走ることなく、協調して、緒に就いたばかりの民主改革を促してほしい。
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