Trump withdraws his offer of long-range missiles, leaving Kyiv without leverage against Russia in a forced negotiation.
Donald Trump is reluctant to supply Ukraine with long-range Tomahawk missiles so it can have weapons of a similar range to those used by Vladimir Putin in the growing attacks against the Ukrainian people. That’s how Volodymyr Zelenskyy put it in his meeting at the White House on Friday, this time without any ambushes or threats.
Hailed as a peacemaker who brought an end to the war in Gaza upon returning from his tour of the Middle East, Trump expressed his intention to achieve the same feat in Ukraine and therefore agreed with the idea of supplying it with missiles as a way of putting pressure on Putin. Within a few hours, a phone call from the Russian president changed Trump’s initial agreement with Zelenskyy.
The Tomahawk isn’t a miraculous weapon that can destabilize the war in the favor of Ukraine, a country that doesn’t even have the loaders for this kind of missile, whose range of action would allow for the destruction of military infrastructure deep in Russian territory. Neither does Kyiv have submarines or ships from which to launch them, nor even land-based launchers, which it would have to acquire, build or adapt.
There are two disincentives behind Trump's stinginess regarding sale of the weapon to Ukraine (incidentally, at the expense of European pockets). The first is that it is an exceptional and scarce weapon that the United States cannot easily do without. The second is that Putin would interpret the U.S. even merely supplying them to Ukraine as a dangerous escalation of the war. And if Trump were to agree, there would be no short-term impact on the current balance of power: many months would pass – probably not until 2027 – before the weapons could be used. That’s another reason for Trump’s refusal – he wanted them much sooner than that.
Moscow’s flattering congratulations for Trump’s success in the Middle East or for his proposals to invest in Russian energy also had an influence. These were accompanied by exuberant predictions of an inevitable Russian victory that could have made an impression on someone who loves winners above all else and hates losers and who has changed Ukraine's role from ally to impartial mediator.
The Russian hawks are right about the impossibility of differentiating between a nuclear-powered Tomahawk and a conventional one, an argument they use to justify a possible nuclear response. They don’t, however, acknowledge that several models of missiles launched by Russia against Ukraine also have nuclear capabilities and that, as of yet, their threatened use has not received an equal response from Ukraine.
Trump is now going back to square one and, for the summit that he intends to hold in Budapest within the coming weeks, he wants to propose to Putin an immediate and unconditional truce or ceasefire on the current line. This is exactly what Zelenskyy has already accepted and what Putin has wasted no time in rejecting, because Putin wants the final peace deal to include as many of his ambitions as possible. With Viktor Orbán hosting, Putin will have another opportunity to improve his worldwide reputation in the only EU country that doesn’t intend to enforce the arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court. He will also be able to give Trump the runaround, adding more impossible demands on Zelenskyy to end the war that began nearly three years ago and whose end is entirely in Putin’s hands.
Nothing suggests that Putin will accept the same ceasefire in Budapest that he rejected in Alaska on Aug. 15. Without Trump’s Tomahawks or any other symbol of support for the country under attack to serve as a means of pressure, Ukraine will only be able to count on its European allies, who are excluded from all summits on Ukraine, to stop Putin from getting his way.
Ucrania, sin armas
Trump retira su oferta de misiles de largo alcance y deja a Kiev sin bazas de presión contra Putin en una negociación forzada
Es escasa la disposición de Donald Trump a suministrar a Ucrania misiles de largo alcance Tomahawk para que disponga de armas de un rango similar a las utilizadas por Putin en los crecientes ataques que sufre la población ucrania. Así se lo manifestó a Volodímir Zelenski en su reunión del viernes en la Casa Blanca, esta vez sin encerronas ni amenazas. Aclamado como el pacificador del punto final a la guerra de Gaza a su regreso de la gira por Oriente Próximo, Trump había expresado su intención de repetir la proeza en Ucrania y por ello se sumó a la idea de proporcionar los misiles como medio de presión sobre Vladímir Putin. A las pocas horas, una llamada telefónica del presidente ruso moderó su inicial complacencia con Zelenski.
Los Tomahawk no son el arma milagrosa que pueda desequilibrar la guerra en favor de Ucrania, país que ni siquiera dispone de lanzaderas para este tipo de misil, cuyo radio de acción permitiría la destrucción de infraestructuras militares en la profundidad del territorio ruso. Kiev no cuenta tampoco con submarinos y buques desde donde lanzarlos, ni siquiera dispone de lanzaderas terrestres, que debería adquirir, construir o adaptar.
Dos son los inconvenientes de Trump para racanear sobre su venta a Ucrania (por cierto, a cargo de los bolsillos europeos). De una parte, su carácter de arma excepcional y escasa, de la que Estados Unidos no puede prescindir fácilmente. De la otra, que su mero suministro sería interpretado por Putin como una peligrosa escalada en la guerra. Y en caso de que accediera, tampoco incidirían a corto plazo en la actual correlación de fuerzas, puesto que pasarían varios meses, probablemente hasta 2027, antes de que pudieran usarse. Razón de más para la negativa de Trump, que quiere la paz mucho antes. Algo pesaron también las aduladoras felicitaciones de Moscú por el éxito en Oriente Próximo o las propuestas de inversiones energéticas en Rusia, acompañadas por eufóricos pronósticos de una victoria inevitable rusa que pudieron hacer mella en alguien que ama ante todo a los vencedores y detesta a los perdedores, y que ha cambiado el papel de aliado de Ucrania por el papel de mediador sin preferencias.
Tienen razón los halcones rusos respecto a la imposibilidad de distinguir entre un Tomahawk con carga nuclear y otro convencional, un argumento que utilizan para justificar una eventual respuesta nuclear. No reconocen, sin embargo, que numerosos modelos de misil lanzados por Rusia contra Ucrania también permiten la carga nuclear y que su utilización intimidatoria no ha tenido hasta ahora una respuesta equivalente ucraniana.
Trump regresa ahora a la casilla de salida y quiere proponer a Putin, para la cumbre que pretende celebrar en Budapest en las próximas semanas, un armisticio o alto el fuego inmediato e incondicional sobre las actuales líneas del frente. Exactamente lo que Zelenski ya ha aceptado y Putin no se ha cansado de rechazar, porque quiere el plan de paz definitivo que recoja sus pretensiones máximas. Con Viktor Orbán de anfitrión, Putin tendrá otra oportunidad para rehabilitar su imagen internacional en el único país de la UE que no piensa aplicar la orden de detención dictada por el Tribunal Penal Internacional. También podrá dar largas a Trump y añadir nuevas e imposibles exigencias a Zelenski para terminar la guerra que empezó hace casi tres años y cuyo final está enteramente en sus manos.
Nada permite pensar que Putin acceda en Budapest al alto el fuego que rechazó en Alaska el 15 de agosto. Sin los Tomahawks de Trump y a falta de otro símbolo de apoyo al país agredido que sirva como instrumento de presión, Ucrania solo podrá contar con los aliados europeos, los desinvitados de todas las cumbres sobre Ucrania, para evitar que Putin se salga con la suya.
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[I]n a world of interdependence, international cooperation and the strengthening of multilateral institutions will be vital to preventing competition leading to conflict.
[I]n a world of interdependence, international cooperation and the strengthening of multilateral institutions will be vital to preventing competition leading to conflict.
True democracy is not about finding a leader who does your thinking for you; it is about finding a leader who insists on placing institutions above all else..