America’s Last, Great Defense

Published in Sankei Shimbun
(Japan) on 31 March 2014
by Hajime Matsuura (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Dan Schilling. Edited by Brent Landon.
“That … brings concerns about American commitment to allies around the world.” At the beginning of March, just as Russia’s parliament approved military action in Crimea, Ian Bremmer, head of the consulting firm Eurasia Group, released a report focusing on America’s response, and highlighted the risk of continued American nonintervention. Mr. Bremmer’s predictions have proven accurate, as Russia went on to annex Crimea.

For the last few years, Mr. Bremmer, author of the book “Every Nation for Itself,” has been advancing a view that, “We have entered an era where America, having recognized its limits as a leader, cannot be counted on to provide ample support should a crisis arise in the international community.”* But though America’s political and economic “leadership fatigue” may be apparent, it yet retains a top position in one vital field: higher education.

This week, the U.S. State Department is inviting foreign press agents to Harvard University and MIT in Boston to join a tour of America’s most prestigious educational institutions. This tour is popular with people from Asia and Africa, so much so that, according to staff, news correspondents from those regions even try to bring their own kids along in hopes that they will enter an American university.

On March 14, the Institute of International Education, best known for its management of the Fulbright scholarship, hosted a number of educational experts from around the world at its New York office. There, the IIE introduced several institutions, such as the University of Michigan, which contribute to international education by hosting exchange students. The most recent figures have the number of foreign students studying in America at roughly 820,000. This makes the U.S. the biggest host of foreign learners in the world, far ahead of even the second and third biggest hosts: England, at 490,000 students, and China, at 330,000. America’s position as the higher education leader is stronger than ever.

The most popular fields center on the practical sciences, such as administration, engineering and IT — fields which are helpful for day-to-day life. A degree from an American institution is advantageous in a world where job hunting is now an international affair; thanks to this, the last decade has seen a yearly increase in foreign enrollment of about 4 percent, particularly students from China, India, Korea and Saudi Arabia. Contrasted with the 280,000 Americans studying outside the U.S., it seems the U.S. has a “trade deficit.” And as the majority do nondegree-seeking, short-term studies in Europe, the goal seems to be less about education and more about cultural exchange or sightseeing.

So what makes America so strong in higher education? According to Peggy Blumenthal, a top adviser for the IIE, it is “the power to create new trends in education, like advanced math and science, Internet applications and curricula which integrate different subjects.”*

And what keeps it all going? Economic muscle. Well-known investor Ken Griffin famously gave $150,000 to Harvard University recently. When the wealthy donate massive sums of money, these universities flourish financially thanks to proper management. Harvard has funds amounting to $32 billion, and Yale’s have reached $21 billion.

Seven of the world’s top 10 most popular schools are in the United States, according to a ranking of universities, and when students of these universities return home, they become the future elected officials and administrators, putting American know-how to practical use.

Higher education represents “soft power.” It is America’s last, great defense.

*Editor's note: These quotations, accurately translated, could not be verified.


米国に残された大切なとりで

「同盟国が米国のコミットメントに対して懸念を持ってしまう」。ロシア議会がウクライナ南部クリミア自治共和国への軍投入を承認した3月初め、米コンサルティング会社ユーラシア・グループを率いるイアン・ブレマー氏が、米国の対応に焦点を当てたリポートを配信し、米国に根付きつつある不干渉主義のリスクを指摘した。
 
ブレマー氏の予想は正しく、その後、ロシアはクリミアを併合した。「Gゼロ後の世界」なる著作があるブレマー氏は、「リーダー役としての限界を米国が認識し、国際社会に危機が起きても米国が十分に貢献できない時代に入った」という世界観を数年前から唱えている。
 
政治や経済でリーダーシップ疲れの見える米国だが、いまだに群を抜く一等賞の分野を抱えている。それは高等教育だ。
 
米国務省は今週、ボストンに米国駐在の外国メディアを招待して、ハーバード大学やマサチューセッツ工科大学といった米国の名門大学を対象にした取材ツアーを行う。同取材ツアーはアジア、アフリカ出身者に人気があり、「米国での大学受験を目指す自分の子供を連れてこようとする親ばかの特派員がいるほど」(関係者)だそうだ。
 
3月14日、フルブライト奨学金制度の運営で知られる米国際教育研究所(IIE)のニューヨーク事務所に、世界中から著名な教育専門家が集まった。留学生の受け入れなど国際教育に貢献した大学として、IIEがミシガン大学など米国の複数校を表彰したのだ。
 
米国の大学・大学院で学ぶ外国人学生の数は直近で約82万人に達した。留学生ホスト国として米国は世界1位で、2位のイギリス(約49万人)、3位の中国(約33万人)を大きく引き離しており、教育界における最高峰ぶりは健在だ。
 
人気分野は、経営、工学、コンピューターなど生活に役立つ実学が中心。米国での学位が国境を越えた就職活動に有利である面もあり、この10年間は米国への留学生が毎年4%ほどのペースで増えている。中でも、中国、インド、韓国、サウジアラビアからの人気が高い。 

対して、海外で勉強する米国人は約28万人にとどまり、留学生の数に関しては米国は完全な「入超」にある。多くが欧州にて学位を取らない短期留学なので、学ぶというよりは文化交流や観光が主目的なのだろう。

米国の高等教育の強みは何か? IIEのペギー・ブルーメンソール上級顧問によると、「高度な理数系授業、インターネットの活用、産学協働、異なる学科の複合課程など、教育の新しい潮流を生み出す力」にあるそうだ。

進取に富んだ米大学の経営を支えるのが資金力。最近は著名投資家のケン・グリフィン氏がハーバード大学に1億5千万ドル(約153億円)を寄付したのが話題になったが、富裕層から多額の寄付金を受け、資金運用術も精錬されている米国の大学は財政面で豊か。ハーバード大学で約320億ドル(約3兆2600億円)、エール大学で約210億ドル(約2兆1400億円)もの基金がある。
 
大学格付けなどによると、世界の人気大学上位10校のうち7校が米国勢。一流校への留学生は本国に帰国すると政府高官や経営幹部の候補生となり、米国流ノウハウを実務に生かす。
 
高等教育は「ソフトパワー」の代表格。米国に残された大切なとりでなのだ。
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