Retaliation Carried Out

Published in Politika
(Serbia) on 7 May 2011
by Miroslav Lazanski (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Johanna Dungl. Edited by Heidi Kaufmann.
The death of bin Laden, seemingly the ultimate solution in this case, is actually nothing but a populist chorus. Is this where enlightenment is heading?


He did not raise his hands immediately because the large nightgown he was wearing probably kept him from doing so. Clearly, he was not naked, although his youngest wife was beside him at the time, and the SEALs could not see whether he was wearing an explosive belt. Seriously, was someone at the Pentagon really expecting that bin Laden sleeps with his wife and an explosive belt around his waist every night? How thick would such a belt have to be, and where exactly would you wear it? Beneath or above your belly button? And how would the explosive be activated? By touching it gently, by human body heat — or simply by a wiggle?

Although this theory has recently been made public in Washington, it does not seem like officials are going to provide us with further details. According to them, U.S. forces expected that bin Laden would be wearing a suicide vest — at 2 a.m., in his bedroom. That is to say, at all times. Of course, all this might sound ridiculous to some people, but news from Washington gets more and more ridiculous each day.

Following a series of new details and interpretations of “what really happened,” CIA Director Leon Panetta explained that bin Laden was unarmed, but showed signs of resistance. Signs of resistance? What would the Joint Special Operations Command forces have considered a sign of resistance when they entered his bedroom? The leader of al-Qaida protruding his tongue in pitch-black night? Bin Laden asking his wife to leave the room so that he can have a chat with his surprise guests — who were registering every move the two of them made?

No, there was not the slightest chance bin Laden would survive the “Geronimo” operation. It was Republican Senator John McCain who put it in a nutshell shortly after 9/11 when he said: “May God have mercy on you, because we won’t.” Such statements, which sound much like the law of retaliation in the Old Testament, have a long tradition in the U.S.

First, Americans had to defend themselves from the British during the Revolution, and then the newly founded nation had to fight slavery in the South. Surrounded by oceans, Americans felt quite safe for a while, but at the same time, threatened. Their fight against all evil finally turned into the conquest of the West and later the world.

Americans considered expansion into the West their destiny. The West was conquered, because it had to be civilized, but also because the successful expansion into the West proved the moral superiority of the conquerors. The frontier became a symbol of American sovereignty. Imperialism — a system that Americans adopted equally late as the Germans — emerged from the belief that the conquest needs to be continued and that American civilization needs to constantly prove itself. Outer space was declared the new frontier under John F. Kennedy.

Well now, bin Laden somehow represented the issues of the secular Arabic part of the Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula, the former member states of the Soviet Union in Central Asia and the Islamic south of Asia. And now the crisis of Muslim societies keeps moving from East to West and from West to East at high speed. If the search for answers around the death of the world’s number one terrorist is currently the predominant occupation of humanity, a number of questions will arise — the main one being if there is going to be more or less terrorism after bin Laden.

His assassination was a seemingly essential act of absolutism, and it is very unlikely that his spirit will not live on. What is more, bin Laden’s murder could in fact have a contrary effect: namely, the spread of terrorism. There are no easy answers to difficult questions. The death of bin Laden, seemingly the ultimate solution in this case, is actually nothing but a populist chorus. Is this where enlightenment is heading?

In the end, the question remains whether only repression and even more repression can lead to security. Or is absolutism the only answer to fundamentalism and terrorism?


Odmazda je izvršena

Smrt Bin Ladena, kao jedna vrsta fikcije apsolutnog rešenja, jeste, u stvari, samo popularan populistički refren. Da li se prosvetljenje nalazi na tom putu?

Nije odmah podigao ruke uvis, jer ga je u tome verovatno sputavala ona široka spavaćica-haljina u kojoj je spavao. A očigledno je da nije bio nag, iako je pored njega tada bila njegova najmlađa žena, da bi pripadnici „Foka” videli kako nema pojas sa eksplozivom oko tela. Ili je neko u Pentagonu očekivao da Bin Laden svake noći spava sa svojom ženom i sa pojasom eksploziva oko svog tela? Koliko treba da bude debeo taj pojas i gde se tačno nosi? Ispod, ili iznad pupka? I kako se aktivira eksploziv oko pojasa, na nežni dodir, na toplotu ljudskog tela ili na drmanje?

Iako je upravo iz Vašingtona došla ta hipoteza o mogućem pojasu eksploziva na telu Bin Ladena, niko sada od zvaničnika da objasni običnom čoveku konkretne pojedinosti. Jer američki komandosi su, po izjavama svojih šefova, očekivali da taj pojas oko sebe Bin Laden ima i u svojoj spavaćoj sobi u dva sata posle ponoći. Znači, da ga ima stalno. Naravno, sve ovo nekome možda izgleda i smešno, ali izjave iz Vašingtona u vezi sa Bin Ladenom svakim danom su sve smešnije.

U seriji novih detalja i tumačenja, „šta se zapravo desilo”, šef Cije, gospodin Leon Paneta objašnjava da Osama bin Laden, istina, nije bio naoružan onim njegovim čuvenim AKS-74, ali „da je pokazivao znake otpora”. Šta je to za specijalce najelitnije komando jedinice američkih oružanih snaga u toj situaciji mogao da bude znak otpora? Da im vođa terorističke Al Kaide u mrkloj noći u svojoj vili isplazi jezik? Da zamoli svoju ženu da izađe iz sobe da on malo popriča sa iznenadnim gostima; koji su konture njegovog tela i tela njegove žene, svaki njihov pokret u toj kući, imali na vizurama svojih šlemova u trenutku kada su stigli do objekta udara.

Ne, nije bilo ni najmanje šanse da Bin Laden ostane živ posle akcije „Džeronimo”. Najbolje i najjasnije to je formulisao senator republikanaca Džon Mekejn kada je odmah posle 11. septembra 2001. rekao: „Neka se Bog smiluje na Bin Ladena. Mi nećemo”. Ova izjava o odmazdi koja liči na one iz Starog zaveta ima kod Amerikanaca dugu tradiciju. Revolucija je morala da se odbrani od Britanaca, a jedinstvo mlade nacije od robovlasnika u južnjačkim državama. Amerika se dugo osećala sasvim bezbedno okružena okeanima. Često se, međutim, osećala i ugroženom. No, borba protiv zla tokom američke istorije prešla je najpre u osvajanje zapada, a zatim i sveta. Amerikanci su širenje svoje zemlje sve do Pacifika shvatili kao „jasnu sudbinu”. Zapad je morao da bude osvojen, jer je civilizacija pripadala jakima, a uspeh širenja na zapad istovremeno je pokazao i moralnu nadmoć misije osvajača. Granica je postala simbol američke samosvojnosti. Imperijalizam, do koga su SAD krajem 19. veka stigle jednako kasno kao i Nemci, bio je zapravo nastavak mišljenja da granicu treba pomerati sve dalje na neprijateljsko tlo i da američka civilizacija u toj borbi mora stalno da se potvrđuje. Još je Džon Kenedi proglasio novu granicu koja se nalazi u kosmosu.

Dakle, Bin Laden se našao u tački u kojoj se ukrštaju veoma jasni problemi sekularnog arapskog Bliskog istoka, Arabijskog poluostrva, zemalja centralne Azije bivših članica Sovjetskog Saveza i islamske južne Azije, pri čemu se upravo sada povezane krize muslimanskih društava premeštaju sa zapada na istok i sa istoka na zapad opasnim prenosnim vremenom. Ako je traganje za odgovorima oko ubistva svetskog teroriste broj jedan Osame bin Ladena trenutna preokupacija čovečanstva, onda će ono neminovno biti isprepleteno i mnoštvom novih pitanja od kojih je jedno možda i glavno: hoće li posle Bin Ladena biti više ili manje terorizma? Jer ovo ubistvo predstavlja kvaziesencijalni apsolutistički čin i teško da su s tim ubistvom ubijene i nakane Bin Ladena. Štaviše, može doći do suprotnog efekta, širenja zaraze mučeništva. Nema jednostavnih odgovara na kompleksna pitanja. Smrt Bin Ladena, kao jedna vrsta fikcije apsolutnog rešenja, jeste, u stvari, samo popularan populistički refren. Da li se prosvetljenje nalazi na tom putu?

Konačno, pitanje i jeste može li samo represija i još više represije dovesti do prave bezbednosti za sve u svetu? I može li se na smrtonosne oblike fundamentalizma i terorizma večno odgovarati samo nepopustljivim apsolutizmom?
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