The Aftermath of the US Presidential Election: Watch Out for Populism

Published in Nishinippon Shimbun
(Japan) on 12 November 2016
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Chris Hennessy. Edited by Alexandra Mullin.
In the United States presidential election, Mr. Trump’s populist method for winning the election may propel populist-style parties to emerge in Europe and other parts of the world. We must keep a watch out for and be alert to the negative sides of populism.

Populism is a political approach that seeks to gain power by using the good favor, discontent and fears of ordinary people to create confrontation against an existing system of elites.

In the presidential election, Mr. Trump made an appeal saying he, himself, was an outsider of the existing ruling class. He drummed up support by stirring up the white middle class, who are angry about widening disparity and anxious about the increasing number of immigrants in the U.S. This is textbook populism.

For Americans suffering from these strains in society, it is perfectly natural to revolt against the existing class of elites who will do nothing to alleviate their suffering. And sometimes, that can be the impetus for honest societal change.

However, the problem with populism is it often conflates and expands negative energies within a society — such as class consciousness and bigoted nationalism. Mr. Trump combined divisive rhetoric with misinformation to incite voters.

As this populist tide moves along, views get distorted and democracy itself deteriorates. Minorities are oppressed, and societal divisions deepen. The side effects of this are huge and without end.

In a June referendum in the United Kingdom, supporters of leaving the European Union won, but it was pointed out that politicians in favor of leaving the EU garnered support by making campaign pledges based on a large amount of misinformation. In Europe, where the influx of immigrants is causing societal issues, there is an increase in energy behind extreme right parties and EU skeptics who both advance a policy rejecting immigrants. A large number of these political parties are welcoming Mr. Trump’s victory.

In Japan as well, a politician recently made a comment that seemed to defend a riot police officer who shouted dojin (savage) at protesters of U.S. military bases in Okinawa. Tendencies toward allowing divisive statements foster populism.

In order to turn the legitimate rage of the people into energy for positive societal change, self-searching and self-reform is needed from the existing political parties and politicians. The only way is to walk among the ordinary people whose voices are rarely heard, and start building down-to-earth solutions while understanding their troubles. Anything short of that, and the wave of populism will crash down onto society.


米大統領選余波 ポピュリズムに警戒せよ

米大統領選でトランプ氏が徹底したポピュリズム(大衆迎合主義)の手法で当選したことは、欧州など世界各地で台頭するポピュリズム型政党を勢いづけそうだ。ポピュリズムの負の側面を注視し、警戒する必要がある。

 ポピュリズムとは、民衆の利益や不満、恐れを利用して、既存エリートの体制側と対決し、権力を得ようとする政治姿勢のことだ。

 大統領選でトランプ氏は、自らを既存支配層の部外者とアピールした。格差の拡大に怒り、移民の増加に不安を抱く白人中間層をあおり立て、支持に結び付けた。典型的なポピュリズムである。

 社会のひずみにあえぐ市民が、その窮状を改善してくれない既存エリート層に反発するのは当然であり、時としてそれはまっとうな社会変革の原動力となる。

 しかし、ポピュリズムの問題点は、しばしば差別意識や偏狭なナショナリズムなど、社会の負のエネルギーと結び付いて増大することだ。トランプ氏も差別的発言やデマを交えて有権者を扇動した。

 こうした風潮が横行すれば、言論が荒れて民主主義が劣化する。少数派が抑圧され、社会の分断が進む。副作用は限りなく大きい。

 英国では6月の国民投票で欧州連合(EU)離脱派が勝利したが、離脱派政治家がデマの多い公約で支持を集めたと指摘された。移民流入が社会問題化する欧州では移民排斥を掲げる極右政党やEU懐疑派が勢いを増しており、こうした政党の多くはトランプ氏勝利を歓迎する姿勢を示している。

 日本でも最近、沖縄の基地反対派を「土人」と呼んだ機動隊員を、政治家が擁護するような言動があった。差別発言を容認する風潮はポピュリズムを助長する。

 市民の正当な怒りを、前向きな社会変革のエネルギーにするためには、既存の政党や政治家たちの反省と自己改革が必要だ。普段は声の小さい市民の中に歩み入り、その苦しみに共感しながら地道に解決策を積み上げていくしかない。それを怠ったときに、ポピュリズムの嵐が社会を襲うだろう。
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