Is the ‘October Surprise’ a Vaccine Development?

Published in Hankook Ilbo
(South Korea) on 4 August 2020
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Sean Kim. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
With the presidential election only three months away and President Trump’s campaign struggling, what will be his trump card?

Although there is a possibility that the ‘October surprise’ will be a third U.S.-North Korea summit, people in Washington consistently predict that it will be a COVID-19 vaccine. If the development of a vaccine is successful, there is a possibility that the controversy over Donald Trump’s failure to contain COVID-19 could be forgotten, and he could instead be remembered favorably as the president who stopped COVID-19. A COVID-19 vaccine is the best card Trump could play in turning his election prospects around as dramatically as the COVID-19 outbreak has shaken his bid for reelection.

The Trump camp even went so far as to compare the vaccine to the Holy Grail. Jared Kushner, Trump’s son-in-law and White House senior adviser who in large part oversees the Trump camp, regularly attends a vaccine development supervisory committee, and The New York Times reported that White House officials have continuously mentioned October during committee meetings. In an Aug. 2 teleconference with his supporters, President Trump also said “we expect to have a vaccine available very, very early, before the end of the year,” and that “many vaccine candidates are in the final phase of clinical trials,” inflating expectations.
However, there is significant concern that these expectations could put pressure on the Food and Drug Administration, leading to the hasty approval of a vaccine. Realistically, having a vaccine ready by October is impossible, but there could be emergency approval of a restricted vaccine. University of Pennsylvania Professor Paul Offit, who serves on the Food and Drug Administration’s vaccine advisory board, said, “You don’t want the administration to … pull out one or more vaccines and say, ‘look, it’s been tested in a few thousand people, we know it induces an immune response without knowing whether or not it’s effective’, and then putting it out into the American public.”

Vaccines have to go through a much more rigorous approval process than regular medications. This is because the vaccine’s safety has to be proved as much as its medicinal effect. Because large numbers of the otherwise healthy general public are vaccinated, the vaccine’s side effects on certain groups of people must be carefully documented. One Washington pharmacist said that “even if Trump announces that the vaccine was a success, I will not be administering it for a while.”* Will Trump rush the approval of a vaccine that directly correlates to the health of national citizens because of the political schedule? This may be a baseless fear, but it is possible for someone like President Trump.

*Editor’s note: Although accurately translated, the quoted remark could not be independently verified.


석 달 앞으로 다가운 미국 대선에서 고전 중인 도널드 트럼프 대통령의 반전 카드는 무엇일까.
'10월 서프라이즈'로 3차 북미 정상회담 가능성도 거론되지만 워싱턴에서 만나는 사람들이 한결같이 꼽는 건 신종 코로나바이러스 감염증(코로나19) 백신이다. 백신 개발에 성공해 접종을 시작하면 방역 실패 논란은 잊혀지고 오히려 '코로나19를 잡은 대통령'으로 기세등등해질 수 있다는 것이다. 무난해 보였던 재선가도가 코로나19에 흔들렸던 만큼 백신이야말로 선거 판세를 극적으로 뒤집을 최적의 카드란 얘기다.
실제 트럼프 캠프 측은 백신을 '성배'에까지 비유한다. 캠프를 실질적으로 책임지는 그의 사위 재러드 쿠슈너 백악관 선임보좌관은 백신 개발을 감독하는 위원회에 정기적으로 참석하고 있으며, 백악관 관계자들도 위원회에서 지속적으로 10월을 언급하고 있다고 뉴욕타임스(NYT)가 전했다. 트럼프 대통령도 2일(현지시간) 지지자들과의 전화 통화에서 "올해 말보다 훨씬 더 일찍 백신이 이용되기를 기대하고 있다"면서 "최종 단게에 매우 근접해 있다"고 기대감을 부풀렸다.
하지만 이 같은 조급한 기대감이 결국 식품의약국(FDA)에 대한 압력으로 이어져 백신이 졸속 승인되는 것 아니냐는 우려가 상당하다. 현실적으로 10월까지는 불가능하지만, 긴급승인 형태로 제한적인 접종이 시작될 수 있기 때문이다. FDA의 백신자문위원인 폴 오핏 펜실베이니아대 교수는 "내부에선 정부가 '수 천명을 시험했는데 안전해 보이니 승인하자'고 밀어붙일까 봐 걱정이 크다"고 했다.
백신은 일반 치료약보다 훨씬 엄격한 승인 과정을 거쳐야 한다. 약효 못지 않게 안전성이 검증돼야 하기 때문이다. 건강한 일반인에게 대량으로 접종되는 터라 어떤 사람들에게 어떤 부작용이 발생하는지 시간을 갖고 면밀히 봐야 하는 것이다. 워싱턴의 한 약사는 "트럼프가 백신 성공을 발표하더라도 당분간 맞지 않을 것"이라고 했다. 국민 건강과 직결된 의약품 승인을 설마 정치 일정 때문에 앞당길까. 기우이겠지만 트럼프 대통령이라면 가능한 얘기다.
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