Obama’s Diplomatic Whirlwind

Published in Lianhe Zaobao
(Singapore) on 1 October 2009
by Tan Zhong (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Edward Seah. Edited by Robin Silberman.
As the leaders and media of various countries gathered in the U.S. in late September to the United Nations General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council Meeting held in New York, and the G-20 Summit held in Pittsburgh, U.S. President Barack Obama was in the spotlight in his own country, forming a diplomatic whirlwind.

The reports and analysis that NBC and other American media ran for days expressed that Obama's holding of the G-20 leaders' summit in Pittsburgh (where the technology is more advanced, and the unemployment situation is not as serious as the other cities) and the series of publicity for the summit indicated that he had his sights set on the parliamentary re-election next year. That is to say that Obama's dual roles as the diplomatic whirlwind this round and as president cum "chief campaigner" are complementary.

Gradually forsaking "hard power"?

Putting it this way does not take anything away from Obama's bold ambition of creating a new world order. He suffered attacks from the traditional American rights and hawks on this point. The voice of the American Neo-conservatives, the magazine The Weekly Standard's writer Steve Hayes commented on Fox TV on September 24 that Obama had forgotten his status as the president, and had put on a show on the United Nations’ platform and other international arenas, criticizing the U.S.'s past foreign policies. It was a dangerous performance on stage.

The conservatives thought that Obama's creating of a new world order threatened the U.S.'s hegemony. For example, on the issues of nuclear weapons, since Truman's dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima in 1945 in spite of objections from scientists, the U.S. has always had the arrogant attitude of "allowing the officials to light fires but prohibiting people from turning on the lights."* Initially, the U.S. was unwilling to let other countries possess nuclear weapons. Later, it proposed "nuclear non-proliferation." The Senate refused to approve of the "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty," but the White House waved "nuclear non-proliferation" in the face of other nations from time to time.

Now, Obama makes a 180-degree turn. He concurred with the U.S.'s World Security Institute's president Bruce Blair's "Global Zero Alert for Nuclear Forces" proposal, taking the opportunity of hosting the U.N. Security Council Summit to publicize this initiative, and to make the U.N. Security Council pass this initiative, which carries out the Resolution 1887.

Looking through the lens of America's hegemony, one of Obama's diplomatic strategies is to gradually give up the trump card that is hard power. When the threat of nuclear weapons is gone one day, this superpower will not be able to regain its power. From the perspective of world peace, however, taking drastic measures to stop wars by eliminating nuclear weapons is a light on the horizon for humankind. America's moving toward this goal would be welcomed the world over.

The American media reported that Obama went to Pittsburgh to stage another diplomatic performance after basking in the spotlight for three days in New York. His three main performances were: holding a grand working dinner, the G-20 Summit, and condemning Iran's secret construction of a second underground enriched uranium factory; together with the U.K. President Gordon Brown and French President Nicholas Sarkozy, issuing a final notice requesting Iran to halt its nuclear weapons development.

Superb diplomatic skills

The most typical example of Obama's love for photo ops is a last-minute news release conference to condemn Iran. The Iranian enriched uranium factory that Obama had announced was information that the U.S. had in hand for three years, and it was not a secret at all. The leaders of the three nations in the know, namely the U.S., the U.K. and France, did not let out their steam during the discussion of the nuclear non-proliferation during the Security Council meeting, but had to make extraneous arrangements on time and venues, greatly dramatizing the issue.

At the close of the G-20 Summit, Obama said, "We've achieved a level of tangible, global economic cooperation that we have never seen before," and "Our financial system will be far different and more secure than the one that failed so dramatically last year." This is typical big talk from Obama, but then again, those are not empty words.

The Obama diplomatic whirlwind has changed the climate of international relations. When Obama talked about the "New World Order of Engagement" during his speech in the United Nations General Assembly, the September 24 issue of the New York Times commended him for dropping his bombast and bullying, which was not only welcomed by the rest of the world, but also challenged the international anti-American discourses. The commentaries quoted Obama as saying, "Those who have been criticizing the U.S. for acting arbitrarily cannot now sit and wait for the U.S. to solve the world's problems alone," indicating that the U.S. has already walked out of the unilateralism predicament that lasted eight years during the Bush administration.

Republican commentator Danny Dias said that President Reagan "sought (world) peace through (America's) power," but Obama "sought (world) peace through (America's) weakness." George P. Schultz, secretary of state during the Reagan and Bush Sr. administration, said that Obama has enabled the U.S. to regain its image during the Reagan era.

Not long ago, Obama withdrew his plans for guided missile defense systems in Poland and the Czech Republic, and exhibited his personal charm to Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in New York and Pittsburgh, creating the impression that the two nations are more in line with each other on the Iran issue. He was also friendly with Chinese President Hu Jintao, and had worked well with the U.K. Prime Minister Gordon Brown. French President Sarkozy was also much better behaved than he was at the London summit in April. All these go to show how superb Obama's diplomatic skills are.

*This is a Chinese proverb.

[Editor’s note: some quotes may be worded based on translated material].


9月下旬趁世界各国领袖与媒体云集美国之际,围绕着纽约联合国大会和安理会以及匹兹堡G20峰会的举行,美国总统奥巴马在本国大出风头,形成一股外交旋风。

美国NBC电视台以及其他美国媒体连日的报道与分析,认为奥巴马把G20首脑会议安排在匹兹堡(高新技术开发较好、失业情况没有其他城市严重)以及官方一系列对峰会的宣传是着眼于明年国会改选。这就是说,奥巴马这次外交旋风和他既当总统又是“竞选总司令”的双重角色相辅相成。

逐渐放弃“硬强力”?

  这样说并不抹煞奥巴马铸造国际新秩序的雄心壮志。在这一点上,他受到美国传统右派、鹰派的攻击。美国新保守主义派喉舌《每周旗帜》杂志 作家海斯(Steve Hayes)于9月24日在福克斯电视台评论说,奥巴马忘记了自己的总统身份,到联合国讲台及其他国际场合逢场作戏、批评美国以往外交政策,讨好世界舆论,是一场危险的舞蹈表演。

保守派人士认为奥巴马铸造国际新秩序威胁美国霸权地位。比方说,在核武器问题上,自从杜鲁门不顾科学家反对于1945年在日本广岛、长崎投掷原子弹以后,美国一直持有“只许州官放火、不许百姓点灯”的傲慢态度,起初是不愿意别国有核武器,后来又提出“核不扩散”,国会参议院拒不批准《核不扩散条约》,白宫却时不时拿“核不扩散”大棒威胁别国。

奥巴马现在来个180度大转弯,他赞同美国世界安全研究所所长布莱尔(Bruce Blair)的“全球零核警惕”倡议,利用这次主持安理会的机会宣传这一主张,并且使安理会通过一项使这一主张付诸实施的1887号决议。

从美国霸权主义的透镜来看,奥巴马外交战略是逐渐放弃“硬强力”(hard power)最硬的一张王牌,有朝一日核武器的威慑力消失,这超级大国就“超”不起来了。但从世界和平的角度来看,消灭核武器使战争烽火釜底抽薪,是人类地平线上的新曙光,美国能向这一方向前进只会赢得全球欢迎。

美国媒体形容奥巴马在纽约三天出足风头以后,又到匹兹堡进行外交表演。表演的三大节目是:奥巴马举行丰盛的工作晚宴、G20峰会、奥巴马和英国首相布朗、法国总统萨科齐谴责伊朗秘密兴建第二座地下浓缩铀工厂,向伊朗发出最后通牒要求它停止开发核武。

外交身手不凡


奥巴马喜欢“摄影亮相” (photo op)的最典型事例是谴责伊朗的临时新闻发布会。奥巴马所宣布的伊朗浓缩铀工厂是美国已经掌握了三年的情报,而且根本不是秘密。早已知情的美、英、法三国领袖不在纽约安理会专门讨论核不扩散时发泄却在时间与地点上作多此一举的安排,戏剧性成分很大。

G20峰会闭幕后,奥巴马说:“我们在全球经济合作上达到了从未有过的具体的高度”,“和去年那戏剧性的失败相比,我们(世界)金融体制大不相同而且更安全了”。这是典型的奥巴马式夸口,但也不是空话。

这次奥巴马外交旋风改变了国际关系气候,奥巴马在联合国大会讲演中提出“亲善新国际秩序”(New World Order Of Engagement),《纽约时报》9月24日社论称赞他扬弃“口水轰炸与高压行为”(bombast and bullying)既受到国际欢迎,又对国际反美言论进行挑战。社论引了奥巴马“那些一直批评美国独断专行的人们现在却不能坐等美国单独来解决国际难题了 ”的话说明美国已经走出布什总统长达八年的“单边主义”(unilateralism)窘境。

共和党评论家狄亚斯(Danny Dias)说,里根总统曾经“通过(美国)实力来寻求(世界)和平”,奥巴马却是“通过(美国)软弱来寻求(世界)和平”。里根、老布什时代的国务卿舒尔兹说,奥巴马使得美国恢复了里根时代的形象。

奥巴马不久前撤销在波兰与捷克的导弹防御系统计划以及在纽约和匹兹堡对俄国总统梅德韦杰夫施展个人魅力造成了俄国在伊朗问题上和美国步调一致的印象,他和胡锦涛也表现得亲热,英国首相布朗也和他合作无间,法国总统萨科齐比4月伦敦峰会表现得老实得多,这一切都证明奥巴马外交身手不凡。
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