The US President Should Not Resort to Protectionism

Published in Nikkei Shimbun
(Japan) on 18 April 2024
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Itaru Ebihara. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
Is the upcoming U.S. presidential election going to be a battle over protectionism? Concerns are rising about President Joe Biden's recent policies aimed at protecting the domestic steel industry.

President Biden announced he was tripling punitive tariffs on Chinese steel and aluminum products on April 17, citing suspicions of dumping.

Currently, the U.S. imposes an additional 7.5% tariff on steel products imported from China under Section 301 of the Trade Act. President Biden has requested that the United States trade representative increase this to more than 20%.

While it is true that the Chinese government heavily subsidizes major industries, urging a reassessment of pricing is understandable.

However, unilateral actions under Section 301 in the guise of protecting domestic industries present numerous issues. Ideally, trade disputes should be resolved through discussions facilitated by the World Trade Organization and other similar entities.

The decision to increase punitive tariffs appears to be a strategy aimed at yielding a positive outcome in the upcoming election. President Biden announced this policy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a hub for the steel industry, including companies like U.S. Steel. Pennsylvania is a critical state in the presidential race.

Former President Donald Trump initially imposed unilateral punitive tariffs under Section 301 in 2018. If President Biden is adopting even stricter measures as a strategy to outdo Trump, one might see this as deviating from free trade principles.

President Biden has also expressed concern about Nippon Steel's acquisition of U.S. Steel. It is evident that BIden aims to counter Trump’s objections.

The acquisition, which both companies approved, should not be subject to political interference.

As the presidential campaign intensifies, there is a risk that both President Biden and Trump will increasingly use language that promotes excluding foreign investment and encourages protectionism. Such a trend could destabilize an already uncertain global economy. Both candidates must exercise the utmost restraint.


[社説]米大統領は保護主義に走るな

11月の米大統領選は保護主義を競い合う場なのか。バイデン米大統領が打ち出す自国の鉄鋼産業を守るための措置に、憂慮を覚えざるを得ない。

バイデン氏は17日、ダンピング(不当廉売)の疑いがあるとして中国製の鉄鋼やアルミ製品への制裁関税を、いまの3倍に引き上げると表明した。

米国は中国から輸入する鉄鋼製品に対し、米通商法301条に基づいて7.5%の追加関税を課している。バイデン氏はこれを20%超に高めるよう、米通商代表部(USTR)に求める。

中国政府が過剰な補助金で主要な産業を支えているのは事実であり、見直しを求めるのは当然だ。

しかし、国内産業の保護を名目とする301条を使った一方的な措置には問題が多い。本来、貿易をめぐる紛争は世界貿易機関(WTO)などを通じて話し合いで解決するのが筋だからだ。

制裁関税の引き上げは、選挙対策の色彩が濃い。バイデン氏は今回の方針を、USスチールなど鉄鋼産業が集積するペンシルベニア州ピッツバーグで明らかにした。同州は大統領選のカギを握る接戦州の一つである。

301条による一方的な制裁関税は、もともとトランプ前大統領が2018年に発動したものだ。バイデン氏が選挙のためにトランプ氏を上回る措置に突き進むのだとすれば、自由貿易に背を向ける行為だと言わざるを得ない。

日本製鉄によるUSスチールの買収についても、バイデン氏は懸念を表明している。トランプ氏が反対の意向を示したのに対抗する狙いがあったのは明らかだ。

両社の経営陣が合意したうえでの買収なのに、政治が介入するのは容認できない。

選挙戦が激しくなるにつれ、バイデン氏とトランプ氏の双方から外資の排除や保護主義を競うような言説が増えるおそれがある。それは先行きが不透明な世界経済の動揺を招く。両氏には最大限の自制を求めたい。
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