Liberalism, from Front to Back

Published in El Mundo
(Spain) on 18 August 2011
by Pablo Pardo (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Camden Luxford. Edited by Patricia Simoni.
There’s nothing worse for the private sector than poorly-executed liberal economic policy. Before us, the most recent example: the tea party’s obsession with limiting U.S. public spending, despite the country’s status as one of the few Western countries than can continue accumulating debt (it's an unfair world…), has brought U.S. public debt to historic lows. U.S. Treasury bonds have reached their lowest yields since at least 1941, the very year in which Standard & Poor’s began rating public debt.

These Treasury bonds are, now, equivalent to gold: The country’s economy is far too big to fail. Paradoxically, with its fiscal fundamentalism, the tea party has made it cheaper than ever for Washington to accumulate further debt, having aggravated doubts about the performance of the private sector and driven investors to purchase Treasury bonds.

The most recent example, I wrote? Well, no. There are others. German policy in the face of the euro crisis (Sarkozy, face-to-face with Merkel, is little more than a yes-man) can be summed up in one word: No. No to eurobonds. No to bailouts of stricken countries. No to increased public spending in countries, like Germany, that can afford it (again, such an unfair world …). No to an increased budget for the European Central Bank (ECB). No, no and no, with the result that, some months later, Germany will have to say yes, yes and yes. Berlin has to pay — or give guarantees of future payment, or both — to rescue those countries in crisis. And the ECB has to create new credit facilities. In other words, today’s inaction, on the part of governments and regulators, will only oblige them to undertake more extreme action in the future.

There are a multitude of examples. The financial liberalization of Clinton and Bush is responsible in large part for the current U.S. crisis. But this is nothing new: The liberalization of the “savings and loans” (and what a misnomer!) in the U.S. by Reagan brought on a chilling banking crisis during the administration of Bush Senior, a crisis which had to be defrayed by the American taxpayer. In the end, strict regulation of mortgage loans was introduced in the states that suffered the most during this previous crisis, like Texas. If Republican candidate Rick Perry thinks his state has not suffered as badly in the current crisis as others, it is in good measure (surprise, surprise!) because of strong Texan housing market regulation.

The liberalization of the land market in Spain in 1998, along with absolutely no reaction from the Spanish government when crisis broke out the same year, is one of the causes of our current crisis. Yavlinski’s 500-Day Plan to transform a planned economy into a market economy in Russia wound up delivering the country into the hands of a oligarchy connected to the state. The Washington Consensus for Latin America served only to deliver more power to the International Monetary Fund — an institution formed by governments — in that region.

By all means liberalize, but liberalize well. Otherwise, we’re like the boy with his finger in the dyke: plugging holes and waiting for the next crisis.


No hay nada peor para el sector privado que una política liberal mal hecha. El último ejemplo lo tenemos ahora. La obsesión del Tea Party por limitar el gasto público de EEUU, uno de los pocos países occidentales que pueden seguir endeudándose (Dios le da pan al que no tiene dientes…) ha llevado la deuda pública estadounidense a mínimos históricos. Los bonos del Tesoro de ese país están con la menor rentabilidad desde por lo menos 1941, justo el año en el que Standard and Poor’s empezó a calificar deuda pública.

Los bonos del Tesoro estadounidense son ahora el equivalente del oro, porque ese país es demasiado grande para caer. Pero la paradoja es que, con su fundamentalismo fiscal, el Tea Party ha logrado que endeudarse nunca fuera tan barato para Washington, porque ha agravado las dudas sobre el sector privado y, en esa situación, todos compran bonos del Tesoro.

Es el último ejemplo. Bueno, no. Hay otros más cercanos. La política alemana frente a la crisis (Sarkozy poco puede hacer frente a Merkel, aparte de decir ‘sí’) se resume en una palabra: No. No a eurobonos. No a rescate de países. No a un aumento del gasto público en países como Alemania, que tienen más margen para ello (de nuevo: Dios le da pan al que no tiene dientes…). No a más liquidez por parte del BCE. No, no y no. El resultado es que unos meses más tarde Alemania tiene que decir sí, sí y sí. Berlín tiene que acabar poniendo dinero—o garantías, o ambos—para rescatar a los países en crisis. Y el BCE tiene que acabar creando nuevas facilidades de crédito. En otras palabras: la inacción por parte de los Gobiernos y los reguladores hoy es más acción por parte de los Gobiernos y reguladores mañana.

Hay multitud de ejemplos en este sentido. La liberalización financiera de Clinton y Bush hagenerado gran parte de la crisis actual en EEUU. No es algo nuevo. La liberalización de las ‘savings and loans’ (mal llamadas ‘cajas de ahorros’) de EEUU por Reagan provocó una pavorosa crisis bancaria con Bush ‘padre’ que tuvo que ser sufragada por el contribuyente estadounidense. Al final, lo que acabó creando fue una estricta regulación de los créditos hipotecarios en los Estados que más sufrieron esa crisis, como Texas. Si el candidato republicano Rick Perry presume de que su Estado no ha tenido una crisis tan mala como otros, es en buena medida (¡sorpresa, sorpresa!) por la regulación de su mercado inmobiliario.

La liberalización del suelo en España en 1998, sumada a la nula reacción cuando esta crisis estalló en 1998, es una de las causas de esta crisis. El Plan de los 500 días de Yavlinski para reconvertir una economía planificada en otra de libre mercado en Rusia acabó arrojando a ese país en manos de una oligarquía conectada con el Estado. El ‘consenso de Washington’ para América Latina acabó dando más poder al Fondo Monetario Internacional—una institución formada por Gobiernos—en esa región.

No se trata de liberalizar, sino de liberalizar bien. Lo contrario es crear problemas y/o chapuzas.
This post appeared on the front page as a direct link to the original article with the above link .

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