Neo-Isolationism Rears Its Head in US and Europe

Published in Southern Views
(China) on 24 March 2016
by Nanfang Shuo (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Calvin Blackburn. Edited by Eva Langman.
In reality, the emergence of neo-isolationism is due to new changes in public opinion. China has watched this change in the U.S. and Europe closely and could use it to oppose U.S. interference and provocation.

The rules of international policy have consistently swayed between two extremes. The first is isolationism, the other interventionism. Isolationists believe that each country ought to mind its own business, so that it may avoid exporting its own problems and causing trouble for other countries. As for interventionism, it is imperialism by another name. This ideology is only concerned with collecting benefits for the empire, indifferent to the issues [such interference] leaves behind.

The past era of the Cold War was one of balance between the opposing powers of the United States and the Soviet Union. Following the conclusion of the Cold War, the United States became the sole superpower. As a result of this, the U.S. gradually became the last empire, establishing itself as arbiter of justice for the world, arbitrarily using military force to intervene across the globe. In recent years, American intervention in the Middle East has not only wrought havoc on the world economy, but this excessive interference has also brought about the growth of terrorism and the flood of Middle Eastern refugees. These dire consequences are the just desserts for both the U.S. and Europe, above all as a self-inflicted wound for the United States. Since 2015, consequently, European elections — one after another — have seen a wave of isolationist populism wash over them. Now, in 2016, this wave has already reached the shores of the U.S.

The most defining characteristic of this wave is none other than the rapid growth in power of extreme xenophobia. The values [espoused by] this xenophobia include the declaration that foreigners should mind their own business; the issue of immigration does nothing but cause trouble for European countries. Thus, the ideology that makes up this kind of xenophobic sentiment is also a means of opposing imperial intervention. In the wake of the deluge of Middle Eastern refugees and terrorist attacks on European soil, this form of isolationism has grown even more powerful. In Germany’s recent local elections, the ruling Christian Democratic Union lost big in two states, a key reminder of how the refugee crisis has already transformed Europe. Sentiment for leaving the European Union has even become stronger in the United Kingdom, a clear indication that isolationism has emerged there. And the brash and chaotic nature of the U.S. party primaries may also be explained by the revitalization of neo-isolationism there.

Everyone initially believed that in the 2016 U.S. party primaries, Jeb Bush of the Republicans and Hilary Clinton of the Democrats needed only to wait for their coronation. However, once the primaries began, the circumstances defied all expectations. Outsider Bernie Sanders leaped forth from the Democratic Party, flying the flag of Democratic Socialism — opposed to the corporations on Wall Street and assailing America’s wealth gap and lack of prospects for the youth, in addition to opposing United States interference across the planet as world policeman. Although Sanders was unable to successfully challenge Hillary, through the course of his campaign, he has possessed great strength, with youth rallying around his banner. He has posed a great threat to Hillary, reminding her that her ascension to the throne might not go smoothly.

As for the Republicans, they have witnessed the rise of real estate magnate Donald Trump. His language is brash, forceful and extremely coarse, leading to a great deal of controversy. However, throughout the course of the primaries, he has been able to press on through the gauntlet. Although the mainstream of the Republican Party has constantly plotted to put an end to Trump — with media outlets slanted toward the mainstream even carrying out attacks on him from all sides — they have been unable to blunt the growth of his power. Consequently, the centrist media and critics have in retrospect gradually begun to discuss just how he was able to rise to power, believing there to be a discernible reason. In sum, they have discovered that
Trump’s supporters do not solely consist of the boorish and uneducated. In fact, Trump has been able to attract more of those with a college education. These people are made up of the suffering elements of the middle class, incredibly dissatisfied with the direction the U.S. is heading in. Trump’s emotional speeches summarize the release of the pent up anger and scorn of the people.

People have started to notice that Trump is not merely a man shooting his mouth, but one with an ideology of his own, which may be viewed as a form of neo-isolationism. He advocates that each country mind its own business. From this premise, he calls on the U.S. to deal with its own affairs and become a great country; and with other countries keeping to themselves, [those countries] would not export terrorism and refugees to the rest of the world. He is resolutely opposed to the Islamic State and stands against Mexico trying to abandon its responsibility for illegal immigrants crossing the border into the United States. Trump also believes that the U.S. should refrain from assuming [responsibility for answering] the defense needs of Japan and South Korea, which [he thinks] turns the United States into an empire that is losing money. In his mind, if Japan and South Korea want America’s protection, they ought to pay America’s military expenses rather than exploit U.S. generosity. Trump’s ideology is nothing less than classic rightist neo-isolationism, with that of Sanders falling under the category of leftist neo-isolationism.

It can thus be said that 2016 is without doubt an era of neo-isolationism in both the U.S. and Europe. Following the Cold War, the United States wantonly dispatched troops to intervene around the world, paying out a monstrous sum for its military and destroying the American economy and its citizens’ welfare.

America’s imperialist interventionism also led to the rise of terrorism and the wave of Middle Eastern refugees. The people of the United States and Europe have already had enough of this suffering, and the time for the citizens of the U.S. and Europe to reap the consequences of this has finally arrived. The emergence of neo-isolationism is really the result of changes in public sentiment. As these transformations hit the U.S. and Europe, China has taken note, and cannot afford not to pay attention.


欧美新孤立主义抬头

新孤立主义的抬头,其实是新的民意变化,欧美的这种变化,中国也须注意,可以作为反对美国干涉挑衅的理由。

国际社会的规则,恒在两种极端间摆荡,一个是孤立主义,另一个则是干涉主义。孤立主义者认为每个国家应管好自己的事,如此则可避免将自己的问题外销,造成别国的麻烦,而干涉主义则是帝国主义的简称,它只管自己的帝国利益,至于留下的问题则从不顾及。
  过去在冷战时代,是美苏对峙的均衡。到了后冷战时代,由于美国独强,它遂成了最后的帝国,在世界以正义的仲裁者自居,在各地滥行武力干涉。近年来,美国对中东的干涉,不只搞乱了世界经济,美国的过度干涉,也造成了恐怖主义的滋长,以及中东难民的泛滥。这些苦果最先是欧洲国家受到报应,接着是美国自己受害。所以从2015年起,欧洲的选举就率先出现孤立主义的民粹潮流,到了2016年这个潮流已流向美国。
  这个潮流最明显的特色,乃是排外的激进势力快速成长,它排外的价值是,外国人管好自己,不要让移民问题来烦欧洲国家,因此这种排外情绪的意识形态也是反干涉的帝国作风。这种孤立主义在欧洲恐怖主义攻击及欧洲的中东难民潮之后更加壮大。最近德国地方选举,执政的基民党就在两个邦大败,这已提示了难民危机改变了欧洲。甚至英国的脱欧情绪增强,也是英国孤立主义抬头的证明。而最近美国大选的两党初选,搞得乱糟糟,似乎也只有用新孤立主义的兴起始能解释。
  2016年的美国大选两党初选,最初大家都以为,共和党布什家族的杰布和民主党克林顿家族的希拉里,都可以坐着等待加冕。但随着初选的展开,情况却出人意料,民主党跃出了一个圈外人老先生桑德斯,他打出社会民主主义的旗号,反对华尔街的财团,抨击美国的贪富不均和青年人的没有前途,也反对美国在全世界以警察自居,到处干涉。桑德斯虽然无法向希拉里挑战成功,但他一路选来,却气势良好,青年人团结在他的旗下,对希拉里造成了很大的威胁,也提示了希拉里的加冕不可能很顺利。
  而在共和党方面,则是崛起了一个地产大亨特朗普。他言辞泼辣,非常粗鲁,引起了很大的争论,但他在初选过程里却能一路过关斩将,共和党的主流派,虽然一直企图把他拔掉,偏向主流的媒体也对他进行围剿,但这都不能打掉他的成长势头。因而到了后来,中道的媒体和评论家遂开始探讨他的所以能够崛起,必定有他的理由。综合而言,人们开始发现:
特朗普的支持者并非都是没有教养的粗人,他比其他人吸引到更多大学学历的群众。这些人都是受到伤害的中产阶级,他们对美国方向高度不满。特朗普的激烈发言,乃是对两党主流势力渲泄出了人们愤怒的蔑视。
  人们开始注意到,特朗普也并不是单纯的信口开河,而是有他的意识形态,可以视之为“新孤立主义”。他主张每个国家管好自己的事,因此他主张美国管好自己,成为伟大的国家,而别的国家也要管好自己,不可将恐怖主义和难民向世界输出。因此,他死命反对伊斯兰国,反对墨西哥的放任非法移民越过边界挤进美国。他也反对日韩要美国出兵保护,使美国成为赔钱的帝国,如果日韩要美国保护,就应担负美国的军费,不能剥削美国人的福祉。特朗普的这种意识形态,乃是典型的“右派新孤立主义”,而民主党桑德斯则是“左派新孤立主义”。
  因此2016年乃是欧美新孤立主义抬头的时刻。后冷战时代,美国对全世界任意出兵干涉,庞大的军备支出,搞坏了美国经济和国民福祉,而美国帝国干涉主义,也造成恐怖主义的崛起及中东难民潮的出现。这种苦欧美人民已经受够了,现在终于到了欧美人民大反弹的时候。新孤立主义的抬头,其实是新的民意变化,欧美的这种变化,中国也须注意,不应该无视。
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