How Many Madoffs Are Lurking on Wall Street?

Published in Huanqiu
(China) on 3 July 2009
by Zhang Jingwei (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Nicholas van Heyst. Edited by Katy Burtner.
Bernard Madoff, the man who played the lead role in the American Wall Street massive fraud case, has been sentenced to 150 years in prison. This means that this chap will be spending the rest of his life behind bars. But even if Madoff does his time, it doesn't return the more than $60 billion in losses that he caused through his Ponzi scheme. And what's more important is that it is not possible that only one Madoff created this global financial disaster - how can it be possible that there could be only one Madoff involved? By only punishing him, it will be difficult to make amends with all the people of the world who have had more than their fill of this economic disaster, and it will be even harder to clear their accounts.

Wall Street is never lacking in a good scandal. Eight years before this current financial crisis, there was Enron. The difference is that this current financial crisis did not only smash to pieces the fragile extravagance of the Wall Street financial empire, but it also revealed the fatigue of the financial oversight system in America. On top of that, it caused the flood waters of the financial crisis to break loose and spread across the whole world. Madoff is certainly not the originator of this bad precedent, but rather just a symbolic figure in the development of this crisis. How could it be that only one Madoff could weave together his Ponzi scheme on such a massive scale on Wall Street for more than 20 years? Could it be that behind this man there are also some unseen forces working to manipulate things behind the scenes? Obviously one Madoff cannot be passed off as the scapegoat for this financial crisis. He needs to receive his punishment, but the rest of Wall Street also needs to receive theirs.

Up until now, except for one unfortunate Madoff, the financial elite on Wall Street have been kept free from trouble. This group of financial crocodiles are the same as Madoff. Their common belief is that "greed is good." Is it possible that they could actually be pure and honest angels? Even President Obama could not help but reproach them as being "shameless." Yet, because the Wall Street financial tsunami created a global financial crisis, and because the Madoff scandal is only one part of the Wall Street financial tsunami, the United States government has a responsibility to bring to light financial criminals like Madoff and uproot all evil in order to make amends with the whole world.

However, the Ponzi scheme that Madoff put together is not actually anything amazing. The game he was playing was nothing more than a pyramid scheme. He used money that was given to him by previous investors as bait to lure in new ones. From head to toe, Madoff has only been tearing down the east wall to mend the west wall and the process began to snowball. It is possible for this game of unarmed, backstabbing financial trickery to be widely adopted on Wall Street, and Madoff alone on the top of the pyramid would have no way to carry. Therefore, apart from the leading role played by Madoff and his close and trusted family members and followers, there must have been some participation by other important figures.
  
A director of the Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu's Auditing and Capital Market Advisory Department believes that there must be a big and powerful network working behind Madoff. This is because Madoff's scam of 20 plus years has created thousands of false tax revenue records. Yet, the fact that this long term, massive scale fabrication has somehow gone unseen by the United States Internal Revenue Service has caused people's suspicions to run wild. Furthermore, earlier on there was a report from the United States Securities and Exchange Commission that exposed the fraud, although that investigation was left unresolved, which led to President Obama rebuking them for being derelict of duty.

Some believe that all of this misfortune has happened because the system of American financial oversight is too fatigued. But one cannot exclude the fact that Madoff's Ponzi scheme had a protection team made up of people from special interest groups. Don't forget that Madoff was once chairman of the Nasdaq and an adviser to the SEC. With this type of situation, the scam that Madoff concocted can easily result in an atmosphere that resembles “The Emperor's New Clothes." Even if Madoff did pull off the fraudulent jugglery, there was still no one to take a stand and speak a word of truth on the matter. Even if these people are not working with Madoff as partners, they are still accomplices in this colossal fraud. As for the supervisors who were rebuked by President Obama as derelict and the financial institutions that were rebuked as being shameless, there should also be a thorough and sincere investigation into them so that those who are guilty can be punished accordingly and the public's indignation can be appeased.

What is worthy of mention is that because of the pyramid scheme nature to Madoff's fraud, some of the investors from earlier on who walked away with a major return on their money should also be regarded as accessories to the crime and should therefore be punished. Because it is only once these investors are well-versed in the ways of Madoff's Ponzi scheme, cooperate with Madoff's swindle and help expand the lower steps of the pyramid that they will be able to ensure that their own investments won't incur a loss. It is only the Americans from the lower rungs of the scheme, the ones at the courts who accused Madoff with their tears of blood that deserve sympathy. As for the big time investors and the large-size banks, their losses do not deserve any sympathy – it would be more appropriate to investigate them to see what part they were playing in the swindle.

A large financial tsunami has smashed Madoff's Ponzi scheme, but no one believes that he is the only crook on Wall Street. To continue encircling the other financial crocodiles that are still lurking beneath the surface will not only help rebuild Wall Street's financial position, it will also strengthen the United States financial oversight system and help restore the world's confidence in America.


美国华尔街金融诈骗案的主角麦道夫被判监禁150年,意味着此公将在监狱终老一生。但是,即使麦道夫将牢底坐穿,也无法挽回他的“庞氏骗局”造成的600多亿美元的损失。更重要的是,一个麦道夫还远远不够,造成这样一场全球性金融灾难的,怎么可能就只有一个麦道夫。仅仅只对他做出惩处,难以向饱受金融危机伤害的世人交代,更难以让世界买账。


华尔街从来不缺乏丑闻。在此次金融危机之前8年,是安然公司丑闻。只是,这次金融危机不仅击碎了华尔街金融帝国的脆弱繁华,也暴露出美国金融监管乏力的硬伤,更使得金融危机的祸水更加恣肆地蔓延到全球各地。麦道夫并非是始作俑者,他只是危机发展的一个标志性人物。一个麦道夫,哪来那么多能量编织他的 “庞氏骗局”,在华尔街堂而皇之地行骗20多年?他身后还有没有幕后黑手?显然,一个麦道夫并不能充作这场金融危机的替罪羊。他必须受到惩罚,整个华尔街也必须受到惩罚。


  到现在为止,除了一个倒霉的麦道夫,昔日在华尔街呼风唤雨的金融精英们一个个都安然无事。这群金融大鳄和麦道夫一样,平时信奉“贪婪是好的”,难道他们都像天使一般纯洁?即使是奥巴马总统,也会忍不住斥骂他们“无耻”。既然华尔街的金融海啸造成了全球性的金融危机,既然麦道夫诈骗案是华尔街金融海啸的一部分,美国政府就有责任清算所有像麦道夫一样的金融罪犯,除恶务尽,给全球一个交代。


  事实上,麦道夫编制的“庞氏骗局”并不深奥,玩的是金字塔式的金融传销游戏。他用后来投资者的钱付给前期投资者作为诱饵,从头至尾,麦道夫就是拆东墙补西墙,来制造滚雪球效应。这种空手套白狼式的金融游戏,能够在华尔街大行其道,单靠金字塔顶的麦道夫一个人是无法进行下去的。因此,除了麦道夫的领衔主演,他的亲属亲信的倾力相助,应该还有其他要角的参与。


  德勤公司监管与资本市场咨询部门经理李粤认为,麦道夫的背后一定有一个强大的网络。因为麦道夫诈骗20多年,制造了几千位客户的假税收记录。这样长期和大规模的造假竟然瞒过了美国国内税务局的稽查,确实让人疑窦丛生。而且,早就有人向美国证券交易委员会举报麦道夫的骗局,但该委员会的调查却是不了了之,以至于奥巴马总统斥责该委员会“玩忽职守”。


  有人认为,这一切都是美国金融监管乏力惹的祸。但也不能排除麦道夫的“庞氏骗局”有特定利益人士组成的保护圈。不要忘了,麦道夫本人曾经是纳斯达克主席,还担任着美国证监会的顾问。在此情况下,麦道夫编制的骗局极容易造成“皇帝新装”一样的氛围。哪怕是真的发现了麦道夫的骗人把戏,也没有人站出来说出真话和实话。这些人,即便不是麦道夫的同伙,也是这场惊天骗局的帮凶。对于被奥巴马总统斥为“玩忽职守”的监管者和“无耻”的金融家们,也应该好好认真调查,将有罪者绳之以法,以谢天下。


  值得一提的是,由于麦道夫骗局的传销性质,一些拿到高额回报的前期投资者也应视作麦道夫的从犯,予以严惩。因为当这些投资者深谙麦道夫的“庞氏骗局” 之道时,配合麦道夫继续行骗,继续扩大处于“金字塔底”的下线才能确保自己的投资少受损失。只有那些来自底层、在法庭血泪控诉麦道夫的美国民众才值得同情。像那些参与其中的大型机构投资者及一些大型银行,其损失不仅不值得同情,还应追究其在骗局中到底充当了什么角色。


  一场金融海啸冲垮了麦道夫的金融骗局,谁都不会相信华尔街只有麦道夫一个骗子。继续围剿那些负罪“潜水”的金融大鳄,不仅有助于重建华尔街的金融地位,有利于强化美国的金融监管,更有助于恢复全球对美国的信心。▲(作者是江苏学者。)
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