New US Defense Strategy for Asian Stability

Published in Mainichi
(Japan) on 7 January 2012
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Richard Burck. Edited by Gillian Palmer.
The Obama administration unveiled a new defense strategy to reduce defense spending. The strategy calls for abandoning a traditional “two-front war” by focusing American military presence in the Asian-Pacific Rim. While dealing with economic distress, the hardships of the Obama administration, which wants to somehow halt China’s expansion, are to be handed down, but the administration wants to estimate actual support.

At the same time, a review of the “two-front war’s” activity prior to the Obama administration was released. Last year, when the U.S. Department of State officially announced the “Quadrennial Defense Review” (QDR), then Defense Secretary Robert Gates concluded that the “two-front war” was outdated.

Even within the new defense strategy the indicated idea is to restrain enemies in “the second region,” but for all intents and purposes, the strategy is about ending the “two-front war.” The era of dealing with China and Iran is especially underway. Due to the change in military strategy, handling the dispute appears insufficient in helping future demands.

This time, President Obama, who left to address the Department of Defense, spoke of how U.S. defense spending has increased at an “unusual pace” due to terrorism since 2001. After this Obama reported that 2010’s defense spending probably slowed. In 2010, the defense expenditures were cut to by approximately $490 billion. Because nothing comes from nothing, the plan is to reduce U.S. military forces around the world, shifting focus to the Asian-Pacific Rim.

Last November, President Obama stationed a maximum of 2,500 marines in the northern region of Australia as part of an agreement and expressed that maintaining stability in the Asian-Pacific Rim is the main objective. As a response to China, which continues making aircraft carriers and increasing its missiles, naval and air power, the U.S. and Australia made plan for cooperation. The defense plan includes mobilizing drones and cruise that can strike China from a long distance.

The U.S. is also warning of China’s cyber attacks, including a larger confrontation between the U.S. and China. It’s not strange for the U.S., which withdrew troops from Iraq and wants to bring an end to the war in Afghanistan, to shift its economic and strategic focus to the Asian-Pacific Rim. To say that the U.S.-China conflict may become like the cold war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union is a bit worrisome. Because of the U.S. military presence, China and the cooperation of neighboring countries, the Korean Penninsula hopes to attain a favorable influence.

However, as Obama says, whether or not the U.S. raised the score in Iraq and Afghanistan and successfully secured its defense, all kinds of military personnel want to welcome the president’s decision, who don’t want to repeat mistakes of the past. But there is a strong opposition against reducing the size of U.S. military, worried about its impact on defense capabilities. President Obama, who seeks reelection, hopes his new defense strategy will revive his popularity and be a turning point in the world.


社説:米国防新戦略 アジア安定のために

国防費削減に対応すべく米オバマ政権が新たな戦略を打ち出した。アジア太平
洋地域で軍事的な存在感を強める一方、伝統的な「二正面作戦」は正式に放棄す
るという。財政難に対処しつつ、中国の膨張路線にも何とか歯止めをかけたいオ
バマ政権の苦しみが伝わってくるが、まずは現実的な対応として評価したい。

二つの紛争に同時に対処する「二正面作戦」はオバマ政権になる前から見直し
の動きが出ていた。米国防総省が一昨年、「4年ごとの国防政策の見直し」(Q
DR)を公表した際、当時のゲーツ国防長官は「二正面作戦」を時代遅れと断じ
ている。

新国防戦略の中でも、「第二の地域」で敵を抑止する考えが示されたが、実質
的には「二正面作戦」の放棄である。特に中国やイランへの対応が新戦略の焦点
になったのは時代の流れだろう。ただ、作戦変更によって紛争への備えが手薄に
ならぬよう要望しておきたい。

今回、国防総省に出向いて演説したオバマ大統領は、01年の同時テロから続
いた国防費の増大を「異常なペース」と形容し、今後10年の国防費の伸びは緩
やかになるだろうと語った。米国の国防費は今後10年で約4900億ドルも削
減される。無い袖は振れないから、地上戦力を中心に米軍の規模を縮小し、アジ
ア太平洋地域に重点を置こうというのだ。

昨年11月、オバマ大統領はオーストラリア北部に最大2500人規模の海兵
隊を駐留させることで豪側と合意し、アジア太平洋地域を米国の安全保障政策の
最優先に位置付けると表明した。空母建造やミサイル増強を続ける中国に対し、
海軍と空軍の連携戦闘構想も打ち出した。無人機や巡航ミサイルなどを動員し、
遠方から中国軍をたたく戦略だ。

米国が中国のサイバー攻撃を警戒していることも含めて、米中対立の構図は強
まっている。イラクから軍を撤退させ、アフガニスタンでの戦闘にも早く幕を引
きたい米国が、経済的にも大事なアジア太平洋地域に重点を移すのは、特に不思
議ではない。かといって米ソの冷戦を思わせるような米中対立に至っては困る。米軍の存在によって中国などが近隣諸国と協調し、朝鮮半島情勢にも好影響が及
ぶよう期待したい。

だが、オバマ大統領が言うように、米国はイラクやアフガンで得点を挙げ「祖
国の防衛に成功した」のかどうか。自分が米軍の最高司令官である限り、過去の
過ちは繰り返さないという大統領の決意は歓迎したいが、米国には保守層を中心
に米軍縮小を危ぶむ声も強い。オバマ大統領は、新戦略を再選に向けた人気取り
に終わらせず、世界にとっても意義深い転換点にしてほしい。
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