Why Young People Like Obama

Published in Ming Pao
(Hong Kong) on 2008-03-21
by Chengbin Chen (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by . Edited by .
In the 2008 US Presidential Primary, Barack Obama became the candidate whom young generations of different ethnicities support consistently. This so-called “Obama Hotness”, in which the passion to vote from the apolitical younger generations is strongly inspired, is worth being analyzed.

So how much passion do the young people exactly have about Obama? To take the University of Maryland (UMD) as an example (where the author studied), when Obama went to give a presentation, 18 thousand people followed and stood in line for over six hours in freezing weather. Such a situation can only be seen in Hong Kong when top pop singers throw a concert at Hong-Can Stadium (The biggest stadium in Hong Kong). But just for a speech from a politician, 18 thousand sounds ridiculous. However, 18 thousand was not just an occasional number at UMD. It is always crowded like this in every state when Obama visits.

The content is what really matters

Obama’s speeches are seen to be inspirational and infective, but what really win people’s minds are the speeches content. Although Hilary Clinton and her staff continuously attack Obama for using his “fictitious” election slogan “Change” and express that Obama has not given a detailed plan on how he would lead all Americans to make change. However, if you listen to his speeches carefully, it is not hard to make an argument on what problems he is going to solve and how he is going to lead Americans on a certain track.

We can illustrate this idea with the help of his opinions on gay marriage.

1. He is not an advocate for gay marriage. He sees himself as a Christian. Marriage should be made between a man and a woman according to the biblical teachings. This point of view can be identified with the view that traditional conservatives hold.

2. On the other hand, he respects the basic rights that gays and lesbians have, and agrees to civil unions. Specifically, he points out some basic policies, such as medical and health care, conveyance rights, and even the respect that government needs to show to its ordinary citizens. He sees these as basic civil rights for everyone. He once even commented on this as a Christian. He said that it is inappropriate to make judgments on social policy issue if it is a “sin”. He quoted verses from the Bible when Jesus went up on a mountainside and spoke to the crowd. (The media thought that he might mean Matthew 7:12 - Do to others what you would have them do to you.) What perspective should Americans see of gay marriages, from his point of view, based on basic civil rights?

3. More importantly, he emphasized that this is an issue which causes disagreement in society. But for him, compared with his goal to unite Americans, this issue is much smaller. It also can be estimated that if Obama became the President, he will not make divisions among Americans by pushing any policies which are either pro-gay marriage or against it. This point implicitly shows that he will not follow Bush to push any gay marriage policies based on his own perceptions. That is why he voted against the constitution amendment on the marriage issue in 2006.

It is not hard to understand Obama’s standpoint here. The second point is often seen as a “typical liberal view” by observers. But what makes him unique from anyone else is that he does not want any of these social issues to make divisions in society. Whether it is a legitimate marriage or civil union, which civil rights the government should give to gay people are not some simple problems that can be solved immediately. Each citizen has his/her own understanding on these social policies. Instead of pushing any biased proposals, there can be possible solutions by long-term discussions and experiment.

However, we saw that Americans were divided in past years by simply claiming these issues right or wrong. And the fights went on and on. It directly led to the failure of the Democratic Party in 2004 in which John Kerry was portrayed as a “freak”.

And also, this is why the young generation support Obama right now. Probably not all of them agree that he is okay with giving gays and lesbians their right to marry. But there are a great number of them who do not want to see a divided United States because of this disagreement. Many young people do not care whether you are left/right or liberal/conservative. And it seems ridiculous for them to mess up country by maximizing these policy divergences.

He captures the doubts of the young generation

Barack Obama seems to capture the young generation's doubts. He wants to “make changes” and he also calls on every American to have hope for the future. This are exactly what the young Americans are asking for. They do not want a “fierce revolution” but a united nation. We are not sure whether Obama can really fulfill all these goals, but at least he is more eligible compared to Hillary Clinton and other candidates who talk about bringing changes.


陳成斌﹕為何年輕世代支持奧巴馬?


 【明報專訊】美國初選,奧巴馬是年輕世代裏不分族群一致支持的候選人。向來政治冷感的年輕人,給奧巴馬激起政治熱情,這個「奧巴馬現象」,確實有討論的必要。

 年輕人對奧巴馬的熱情有多大?以筆者就讀的馬里蘭州大學為例,奧巴馬來演講時,吸引了超過1.8萬人!不少人更在-1℃到-10℃的嚴寒天氣下,在會場外排隊超過6小時﹗如此排場在香港只有一級歌星在紅館開演唱會才能出現,但這裏的觀眾卻這麼熱情,為的僅是一個準總統候選人的演講!而且奧巴馬在各州每場演講入場人數相若,1.8萬可不是偶然。

 內容才是讓人動容之處

 他演說的感染力很強,但內容才是讓人動容的地方。雖然希拉莉陣營會以奧巴馬的競選口號「Change!」為攻擊重點,以為他沒有詳細說明到底要怎樣改變美國,但如果願意聆聽他的演說和循覑他的思路,便不難明白他要針對什麼問題和要帶領美國人作出什麼改變。

 我們不妨以他在同性戀婚姻的觀點來說明他的立場:

 1. 他不同意「同性戀婚姻」。他認為自己是基督徒,傳統上婚姻被界定為一男一女之間的事。這立場和所謂的「傳統保守派」一致。

 2. 他卻同意給予同性戀者公民結合(civil union)的權利。他特別提到一些社會政策,例如醫療福利、財產權轉移,甚至政府對人應有的尊重等。他認為這些都是所有人與生俱來的法律權利。他更以基督徒的身分說,我們不應從同性戀者是否「有罪」去思考這個社會政策議題。他特別提到耶穌的登山寶訓(媒體猜說是馬太福音7章12節:「你們願意人怎樣待你們、你們也要怎樣待人。」),說應該從公民權利的角度來思考同性戀者應擁有什麼權利。

 3. 最重要的是,他強調這問題是個令社會分化的問題,而他並不認為這問題比團結美國更重要,也就是他不以為應為了推行任何支持或反對同性戀婚姻問題的政策而弄得美國分裂。潛台詞就是他在這問題上不會像布殊一樣強推他心中認為是對的同性戀和婚姻政策,也因此,在06年參議院表決關於婚姻的憲法修正案時,他投了反對票。

 其實奧巴馬的立場並不難懂,上述第2點亦常被評論者視為典型的所謂「自由派」立場。然而,他和其他人不同的地方在於他不斷強調不希望這些社會政策議題分化美國人。從應否叫作婚姻或者公民結合,到政府應給予同性戀者什麼公民權利,都是複雜和非單一、不是截然二分的議題。社會政策議題當然各人有各人的理解,但可以經由不斷的討論慢慢找出合宜的解決方法。

 然而,在過去的日子,我們卻只見不論支持或反對的人,都把這議題弄成敵我分明,拼個你死我活,這正是04年總統選舉時的嚴重問題,讓04年時民主黨候選人克里被嚴重「妖魔化」。

 因此這個世代的年輕人這麼支持奧巴馬。我不是說所有人都同意他願意給予同性戀者公民給合權利的政策立場,但確實有很多年輕美國人不希望看到國家因此而四分五裂。很多年輕人不會懂得那些政治上所謂的左/右或自由/保守派的標籤,更不明白為什麼政客會因為這些政策問題而變得好像有不共戴天之仇,要把整個國家撕裂。

 抓緊年輕世代的疑惑

 奧巴馬看來是抓緊了這個年輕世代的疑惑。他提出改變,也提出要對未來懷覑希望,這些才是年輕人想要的。年輕人不要像以往那樣鬥爭般的革命,他們想見到的是國人的團結。儘管我們無法肯定奧巴馬真的能做到這些,但至少看起來他比希拉里或其他政客更有資格談論團結、改變和希望,也因此自然更能得到年輕人的支持。

 作者是美國馬里蘭大學

 哲學系博士候選人
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