Worries over Hacked Website for Extramarital Affairs

Published in Huanqiu
(China) on 1 September 2015
by Li Yinhe (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Yuzhi Yang. Edited by Gillian Palmer.
Ashley Madison, a well-known extramarital-dating website with over 37 million registered users, was hacked last month, resulting in the online exposure of over 33 million users’ personal information, which included their real names, addresses, email addresses, credit card transactions and nude photos. The incident garnered a lot of attention, primarily because there have been extortion cases and at least two unsubstantiated suicides. In addition, some of the website users are rich and powerful, and considered public figures. What’s worth noting is that China has over 100,000 registered users, with Shanghai having the most, at almost 9,000 users.

Humans’ extramarital activities have always followed the institution of marriage, constantly present and adding controversy. While the “stoning” used in some Arab countries — using stones to kill a woman who has committed adultery — is considered too barbaric and holds a double standard for men, extramarital affairs do violate the fidelity vow, hurt the other spouse and will ultimately cause a marriage to dissolve. Bodily injuries and killings of the offenders are also not unusual. It is understandable that people would be emotional about infidelities.

Sociologists have studied extramarital sex in depth, and seen that the behavior has had always occurred, during different periods and in different societies. The famous Kinsey study showed that 50 percent of men have had extramarital sex, while 26 percent of women have done the same; the data from England and Finland are similar.

According to a random sampling I conducted in Beijing in 1989, 6.4 percent of those surveyed admitted to extramarital affairs. A study of Chinese infidelity in 2012 showed that 13.6 percent of men and 4.2 percent of women admitted to extramarital transgressions.

The hacking of this extramarital affair website only showed the tip of the iceberg in humans’ extramarital behavior. Modern information technology and online platforms have made it easier for two strangers to connect and provided more opportunities, while others with thoughts of cheating feel as if it is more discreet and convenient to do so. Everything is done on the website, with only some real names. Even the real names are hard to recognize in a sea of people, which has allowed the cheating population to grow.

This is only one website, allegedly the largest, but how many other similar websites and mobile platforms are being used for this purpose? This incident has significantly exposed the decline of the Western marital institution. If we severely punished all extramarital affairs, some people would give up on marriage; if we tolerate extramarital affairs, then the vow of fidelity is null. The behavior will continue whether or not we tolerate it, which leaves us with no alternatives.

In my view, the best way to punish extramarital affairs is divorce, including some economic sanctions for one side during the divorce. Calls to revive old adultery laws are not as potent as reviving the laws from traditional society for the 21st century.

The author is a researcher at the Sociology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.


拥有3700多万注册用户的全球知名婚外恋在线约会网站“Ashley Madison”于上月被黑,共计3300多万用户的个人资料统统被黑客窃取并被公布在网上,其中包括他们的真实名字、住址、邮箱、信用卡交易信息和裸 照。此事引起舆论强烈关注,主要是因为目前已引发多起勒索和至少两起未经证实的自杀事件。另外,婚外情用户中有一部分是富人和有权人士,他们不同程度属公 众人物。值得关注的是,中国在该网站的用户粗略估计在10万人以上,用户最多的上海有近9000人。

  人类的婚外性活动一直伴随着婚姻制度,如影随形,惹出无数事端。尽管阿拉伯的石刑(把通奸 妇女放在街角让过路人用石头打死)被认为过于野蛮而且是男女双重标准的典型,但是婚外恋违背了忠诚承诺,造成了对配偶的伤害,最终导致婚姻的破裂解体,导 致当事人身体伤害和情杀的状况也屡见不鲜。人们为这种事情情绪激动是自然而然的。

  社会学对婚外性行为做过大量研究,在不同时期不同社会发现婚外恋在人群中占有不小的比例:著名的美国金西调查表明,发生过婚外性关系的在男S性中占50%,女性中占26%。英国、芬兰的调查数据与此相当。

根据我在1989年所做的一项北京市随机抽样调查,样本中承认有过婚外恋的人占6.4%。一份2012年发布的针对中国人不忠行为的研究报告表明,男性婚后出轨率为13.6%,女性婚后出轨率为4.2%。

  此次婚外恋网站事件只是揭露出人类婚外恋行为的冰山一角。现代信息技术和网络平台 的出现,一方面使得原本陌生的两个人之间的沟通变得方便了,增加了一些“机会”;另一方面使得一些有“偷情”念头的人感觉到更加隐蔽和方便了。所有都在网 站上发生,留下的有些并不是真实的名字,有的即便是真名,茫茫人海中,对方也不会认识你的真实身份。所以,这从某种程度上助长了这一群体的人数。

而且,这才只是一个网站,尽管号称最大——还有多少类似的网站和移动客户端服务于 此类需求?这一事件最具标志性意义的一点是暴露出婚姻制度的式微,尤其在西方:如果我们严厉处置所有的婚外恋,一些人会放弃婚姻;如果我们容忍婚外恋,则 婚姻的忠诚承诺形同虚设。无论是严是宽,婚外恋未来将继续在人群中保持一个不小的比例,这真是件无可奈何的事情。

在我看来,惩罚婚外性关系的最好办法就是离婚,辅以离婚时对有婚外性行为一方做些经济上的惩罚。对于恢复旧时通奸法的呼声,似乎不必在21世界恢复传统社会的法律。(作者是中国社科院社会学所研究员)
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