The Party of Trump: Billionaire Is the New Face of Republicans

Published in Veja
(Brazil) on 22 July 2016
by Nathalia Watkins (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Conor Lane. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
Even if he loses the presidential election, the movement that Trump represents will shape American politics for years to come.

In 1854, a group of abolitionists met in Wisconsin in order to combat the expansion of slavery. Those were the early days of the Republican Party, when it would come to define itself through the defense of liberty. Over the years, the party underwent a metamorphosis, reshaping its identity. It became the party of President Dwight Eisenhower, during whose tenure the first civil rights laws were passed, laws which gradually brought an end to racial segregation in the United States. So, too, it was the party of Ronald Reagan, a champion of both the free market and the Cold War.

Last week, Republicans turned their backs on this legacy. The Republican Party became the party of Donald Trump, the real estate businessman and blowhard showman, who emerged victorious in the primaries and was acclaimed, during the party convention held in Cleveland, in the state of Ohio, the party’s nominee for president in the November election. He owes this victory to his ability to capitalize on the growing anti-immigrant, anti-Muslim, anti-market and anti-establishment sentiment found among a significant portion of the electorate.

His support is not insignificant, either. Trump, who went up against 17 challengers in 56 primaries and caucuses, emerged with 14 million votes, the largest number received by a pre-convention candidate in party history. Now, as the official nominee, Trump already has the support of 80 percent of Republican voters. Reaching this level of support, at this stage in the game, is a noteworthy feat, as it is the norm for candidates to arrive with 90 percent support on Election Day. “He knew how to seize upon disillusionment with government, economic stagnation among blue-collar workers, fears and the frustrations toward immigration and the rejection of political correctness,” says American political scientist Kyle Kopko, of Elizabethtown College.* His supporters, the majority of whom are white, blue-collar workers from a lower middle class background, fear the demographic transformation that has made the country more diverse. Meanwhile, Hillary Clinton—the Democratic candidate—leads in the November election polls. Trump, thus, could meet his end on Election Day. Yet, “Trumpism” could also be ushered in—and come to dominate American conservatism for years to come. In his nomination acceptance speech, Trump described the United States as a country on the edge of an abyss whose only way out was to place trust in his own power. “This administration has failed [America’s inner cities] on education. It’s failed them on jobs. It’s failed them on crime. It’s failed them at every level,” he said. “I’m with you, I will fight for you, and I will win for you.”

An “Age of Trump” for the Republican Party is even more unavoidable than ever given that conservative leaders, who reject values embraced by the real estate magnate, have tended to either leave the party or to lose their political clout. Likewise, while traditional Republicans had been clamoring for a grandiose return to the White House, they did not clamor for a return in league with a reality TV show star. Yet, what makes this wing of the party most uneasy is the unbridled right wing populism espoused by the candidate. Nominating an outsider without political experience will have irreversible consequences for the party. The process of adjusting to this new reality has already begun with changes being made to the Republican playbook. The platform that was approved by the party last week is considered the most radical in history, as it endorses some of the candidate’s most controversial proposals, including the grave construction of a wall along the border with Mexico. “Trump brought in voices that had been silenced within conservative ranks and simplified existing positions. He eliminated euphemisms and used explosive language,” said political scientist Mark Major, from Penn State University.*

At the same time, he has challenged official ideological principles of the party, such as reducing the power of government and defending the free market. Trump, for example, has declared his faith in protectionism. So, too, has he preached about the need for increased duties to be levied on products from China and Mexico as well as a renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement. “The party has become more radical. It is no longer the party of Abraham Lincoln, who used the power of government to free the slaves. The modern Republican Party wouldn’t set them free if they still existed,” says Major.* What is more likely is that, if they could, they would enslave them again.

*Editor’s note: Although accurately translated, this quoted remark could not be independently verified.


"O partido de Trump: bilionário é a nova face dos republicanos"

Mesmo que venha a perder a eleição para presidente, o movimento que Trump representa moldará a política americana pelos próximos anos

Por Nathalia Watkins

Em 1854, um grupo de abolicionistas se reuniu em Wisconsin para combater a expansão da escravatura. Eram os primórdios do Partido Republicano, que se definiria pela defesa da liberdade. Ao longo dos anos, a legenda sofreu metamorfoses que moldaram sua identidade. Já foi o partido dos presidentes Dwight Eisenhower, em cujo mandato foram aprovadas as primeiras leis de direitos civis, que paulatinamente acabaram com a segregação racial nos Estados Unidos, e Ronald Reagan, o campeão do livre-comércio e do fim da Guerra Fria.

Na semana passada, esse legado foi mandado às favas. O Partido Republicano tornou-se o partido de Donald Trump, o empresário do setor imobiliário e showman falastrão que venceu as primárias e foi aclamado, em convenção da legenda rea­lizada em Cleveland, no Estado de Ohio, como candidato da legenda às eleições presidenciais de novembro. Seu triunfo deveu-se à capacidade de capitalizar um crescente sentimento anti-imigrante, anti-­is­lâmico, antimercado e anti-establish­ment entre uma parcela significativa do eleitorado.

Não é um apoio irrisório. Trump enfrentou 56 primárias e caucus disputados entre dezessete concorrentes, e acabou sendo o pré-candidato mais votado da história do partido, com 14 milhões de votos. Oficializado candidato, já tem o apoio de 80% dos eleitores republicanos. Como em geral os candidatos do partido chegam às urnas com o apoio de 90%, alcançar esse porcentual nesta altura do jogo é um desempenho excelente. “Ele soube captar o desencanto com o governo, a estagnação econômica dos trabalhadores, os medos e as frustrações acerca da imigração e a rejeição ao politicamente correto”, diz o cientista político americano Kyle Kopko, da Universidade Elizabethtown. Seus apoiadores, na maioria trabalhadores brancos de classe média baixa, temem a transformação demográfica que tornou o país mais diverso. Hillary Clinton, a candidata democrata, está na frente nas pesquisas para a eleição de novembro. Na urna final, Trump pode morrer, mas o trumpismo pode nascer — e passar a dominar o conservadorismo americano pelos próximos anos. No discurso de consagração, Trump descreveu os Estados Unidos como um país à beira do abismo cuja única saída é confiar em seus poderes. “A administração falhou em educação. Falhou em emprego. Falhou em crimes. Fracassou em todos os níveis”, disse. “Eu estou com você, eu vou lutar por você e eu vou ganhar por você.”

A era trumpiana do Partido Republicano é ainda mais inevitável porque as lideranças conservadoras que rechaçam os valores abarcados pelo magnata tendem a sair da legenda ou perder voz. Os republicanos tradicionais ansiavam por um retorno grandioso à Casa Branca, mas não a bordo de uma estrela de reality show. O que mais incomoda essa parcela do partido é o desbragado populismo de direita do candidato. A consagração do outsider sem experiência política terá consequências irreversíveis para o partido. A adaptação à nova realidade já começou com mudanças no manual republicano. A plataforma aprovada pelo partido na semana passada foi considerada a mais radical da história e endossou algumas das propostas mais controversas do candidato, inclusive a tétrica construção de um muro na fronteira com o México. “Trump trouxe as vozes que haviam sido silenciadas nas fileiras conservadoras e decodificou posições existentes. Eliminou os eufemismos e usou linguagem explosiva”, diz o cientista polí­tico Mark Major, da Universidade Penn Sta­te. Ao mesmo tempo, ele desafiou bases da ideologia oficial do partido, como a diminuição do papel do Estado e a defesa do livre-comércio. Trump escancara sua fé no protecionismo. Prega o aumento dos impostos sobre produtos da China e do México e a renegociação do Tratado Norte-­Americano de Livre-Comércio (Nafta). “O partido ficou mais radical. Não é o mesmo de Abraham Lincoln, que usou o poder do Estado para libertar escravos. O Partido Republicano moderno não os libertaria, se eles existissem”, diz Major. Mais provável é que voltasse a escravizá-los se livres fossem.
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