American Exceptionalism

Published in El Pais
(Spain) on 23 April 2018
by Juan Jesús Aznarez (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Kaleb Vick. Edited by Joel Horowitz.
The United States' doctrine of exceptionalism is quite frightening even if is proclaimed as highlighting extraterritorial and coercive policies in defense of freedom and equal rights, the founding principles of the American nation. Barack Obama said that the United States is unique and exceptional, and that is repeated by Mike Pompeo, whose convictions are more frightening given his biography. The current director of the CIA belongs to the most conservative faction of Republicans, has defended the extreme positions of the tea party and simulated drownings during interrogations of terrorism suspects.

To limit the scope of a harsh but just analogy, the Nazis proclaimed that they were Aryans and that the Aryan race was superior to the others because it was unique and exceptional. Soldiers with blue eyes, blond hair and white skin; tall, slender, square jawed. They engaged in esotericism to justify their right to expand the Third Reich into countries with people they considered inferior, almost subhuman.

In the middle of the month, the nominee for secretary of state, after being asked by Sen. Tim Kaine at the confirmation hearing before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, justified U.S. military interventionism by alluding to national privilege and the right to interact with the world without any restrictions other than those established by the commandments of exceptionalism. Russia is also unique, but not exceptional. In fact, Pompeo's statement is no more than a derivative of manifest destiny: the transcendent goal of the United States is to enforce the will of God on earth.

That doctrine is accepted by a majority of Americans, Democrats and Republicans, and especially by the ruling classes. The principle establishes that the U.S. is destined by providence to be the policeman of the world, or something similar. The phrase "manifest destiny" appeared for the first time in an 1845 article about the annexation of Texas by journalist John L. O'Sullivan in the Democratic Review of New York. The doctrine of manifest destiny has some parallels with the Jewish belief that the people of Israel are the chosen people of God. In the United States, the separation of church and state does not prevent the purely religious dimension of its political class. The Declaration of Independence contains four references to the "Supreme Maker" and, without citing any specific religion, George Washington's first presidential speech mentioned faith.

The exceptionality of the United States has exerted itself in Latin America and other regions by the support of military dictatorships and invading countries. Two centuries ago, Simon Bolivar ventured that its northern neighbor seemed destined to afflict America with misery in the name of freedom. The emancipator was wrong. The endemic backwardness of Latin America is the fault of Creole rulers who have been unable to establish rule of law. Everyone violated the constitutional precepts of justice and freedom. We pray to God for Pompeo to fail.


La doctrina de la excepcionalidad de Estados Unidos asusta bastante aunque se proclame subrayando que sus políticas son extraterritoriales y coercitivas en defensa de la libertad y la igualdad de derechos, principios fundacionales de la nación americana. Barack Obama dijo que Estados Unidos es único y excepcional, y lo repite Mike Pompeo, cuyas convicciones atemorizan más por la biografía del dicente. El todavía director de la CIA pertenece a la facción más conservadora del republicanismo, y defendió las posiciones ultras del Tea Party, y el ahogamiento simulado durante el interrogatorio de sospechosos de terrorismo.

Acotando en sus justos términos el alcance de la ríspida analogía, los nazis proclamaban que eran arios y que la raza aria era superior a las demás por ser única y excepcional. Soldados de ojos azules, pelo rubio y piel blanca; altos, esbeltos, de mandíbula cuadrada. Se engancharon al esoterismo para justificar su derecho a expandir el Tercer Reich por países con pobladores que consideraban inferiores, casi subhumanos.

A mediados de mes, el nominado secretario de Estado justificó el intervencionismo militar norteamericano aludiendo al privilegio nacional, al derecho a interactuar con el mundo sin más cortapisas que las establecidas en los mandamientos de la singularidad. Lo dijo en la audiencia de confirmación del cargo ante la Comisión de Relaciones Exteriores del Senado, tras ser preguntado por el senador Tim Kaine. Rusia también es única, pero no excepcional. En realidad, la afirmación de Pompeo no pasa de ser un derivado del destino manifiesto: la meta trascendente de EE UU es hacer valer la voluntad de Dios en la Tierra.

El encargo es creído a pies juntillas por la mayoría de los norteamericanos, demócratas y republicanos, y sobre todo por las clases dominantes. El principio establece que EE UU está destinado por la Providencia a ser la policía del mundo, o algo parecido. La frase “destino manifiesto” apareció por primera vez en un artículo del periodista John L. O’Sullivan, en 1845, en la revista Democratic Review de Nueva York, a propósito de la anexión de Texas. La doctrina del destino manifiesto tiene cierto paralelismo con la creencia judía de que Israel es el pueblo elegido por Dios. En Estados Unidos, la separación de Iglesia y Estado no impide la acendrada dimensión religiosa de su clase política; la Declaración de Independencia contiene cuatro referencias al Sumo Hacedor, y, sin citar ningún culto, el primer discurso presidencial de George Washington incide en la fe.

La excepcionalidad de Estados Unidos fue ejercida en América Latina y otras latitudes apoyando dictaduras castrenses e invadiendo países. Hace dos siglos, Simón Bolívar aventuró que el vecino del norte parecía destinado a plagar América de miseria en nombre de la libertad. El emancipador se equivocó. Las culpas del endémico atraso latinoamericano corresponden a los gobernantes criollos, incapaces de construir Estados de derecho. Todos incumplieron los preceptos constitucionales de justicia y libertad. Roguemos a Dios para que Pompeo incumpla los suyos.
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