Tuesday, Pennsylvania will hold its primary elections for the democratic presidential nominee. It is paramount for Hilary Clinton to obtain a decisive victory. It is in that state that Barack Obama must show that he can persuade the complex electorate of a great country to vote for him. Pennsylvania is a state of contrasts and great historical import: industrial in the North, agricultural in the south, it has been favourably inclined towards the Democrats for the last two decades. The state in which the oldest written Constitution in the world was born, which had long ago offered warm hospitality to the intrepid Marquis de la Fayette, is considered to be pivotal in the race for the nomination between Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. And still, Pennsylvania is a little known State. Undeservedly so.
On Tuesday, the State of Pennsylvania will play a key role in the race to the democratic primaries. Pennsylvania is one of the few states in America named after its founder. The Quaker William Penn established, among other things, the freedom to think and in particular the right to practice one’s religion in complete freedom, since ... 1682! This State was offered to him by the English king Charles II by way of repaying a debt, and was immediately called "Penn’s woods", Pennsylvania.*
Today Pennsylvania is a multiethnic state, whose solidly industrialized north has been a victim of globalization in a widespread loss of employment. The Quaker State is agricultural in the south, still peppered with centuries-old wooden houses. It is in one of those houses in the north of Philadelphia, that George Washington provided modest lodgings to the young Marquis de la Fayette, 20 years old in 1777, who had come to offer his services in the fight against the British army. It is in this State also that the wane troops of the American General (who at one time had rebelled against their own Generals!) succeeded in mounting attacks, which were to be proven decisive in the quest for independence.
Moreover, it was in Philadelphia in 1774, that the First Continental Congress drew up and signed the Declaration of Independence. Later, the Constitution was written, and Philadelphia was once again chosen to be cradle to the new American Nation. Pennsylvania was the second colonial State to join the Union which defied the British Empire on which the "sun never set"…
The Amish live there as if it were 200 years ago
Another characteristic of the keystone state (A keystone being the architectural piece that locks the other pieces into position. which makes it very important structurally) is its Catholic majority. Pennsylvania is also noted for having the highest concentration of an Amish population in the United States, who live free of harassment, with no social security, no electricity and no telephone, and use only horse-drawn buggies. The 12 million Amish trace their roots mainly to the Germans (27%), Irishman, Italians, English or Polish (7%) .
It is in this key state that the former first lady can make an unlikely successful comeback on Tuesday in the race to the White House. But she must widen the gap in order to convince and gain the state’s 158 precious superdelegates’ votes. Therefore she plays the card of being "a true daughter of the land", relying on this being her father’s birth place, in Scranton, and taking pride in the fact that she lived there for part of her childhood.
Hillary Clinton - "daughter of the land"
This card of “I understand you” is in opposition to Obama’s blunder earlier this month, which was the first time he slipped badly in his campaign, when he invoked the small towns of Pennsylvania and their unemployed multitudes as “cling[ing] to guns or religion or antipathy to people who aren't like them or anti-immigrant sentiment or anti-trade sentiment as a way to explain their frustrations."
All the polls show Hillary Clinton winning, including that of Temple University, which allots 44% of the votes to Clinton, with 35% to Obama (and 19% undecided).
Thus we continue to keep an eye on the unfolding events with great attention…
*“Sylvan”, from the Latin, abounding in trees; wooded.
Mardi, se déroulent en Pennsylvanie des primaires essentielles pour le parti Démocrate. Là, il est impératif pour Hillary Clinton de faire un bon score. C'est là aussi que Barack Obama doit faire la preuve qu'il peut convaincre l'électorat complexe d'un grand Etat. Un Etat contrasté, industriel au Nord, agricole au sud, favorable aux Démocrates depuis deux décennies, berceau de la plus ancienne Constitution écrite au monde, ancienne terre d'accueil du fougueux marquis de La Fayette, jugé pivotal dans la course à l'investiture entre Barack Obama et Hillary Clinton. Et pourtant, la Pennsylvanie est un Etat méconnu. A tort.
La Pennsylvanie est l'un des rares Etats américains à porter le nom de son fondateur, le Quaker William Penn qui y institua, entre autres, la liberté de penser et notamment le droit de pratiquer sa religion en toute liberté dès...1682 ! Cet Etat lui fut offert par le roi anglais en remboursement d'une dette, et promptement appelé les "bois de Penn", soit Pennsylvania.
Aujourd'hui multi-éthnique, fortement industrialisé au Nord où les emplois ont périclité, victimes de la mondialisation, le Quaker state est agricole au sud et encore parsemé de maisons en bois centenaires. C'est dans l'une d'entre elles, au nord de Philadelphie, que George Washington accueillit modestement le jeune marquis de La Fayette, alors âgé de 20 ans en 1777, venu proposer ses services dans la lutte contre l'armée britannique. C'est de cet Etat aussi que les troupes affaiblies du général américain (qui ,un temps, se rebellèrent contre leur propres généraux!) réussirent à monter des assauts qui allaient s'avérer décisifs dans la conquête de leur indépendance.
C'est d'ailleurs à Philadelphie que furent rédigé la Constitution et la Déclaration d'Indépendance qui donnèrent naissance aux Etats-unis d'Amérique. La Pennsylvanie fut le second Etat colonial à rejoindre l'Union qui défia l'Empire britannique sur lequel le "soleil ne se couchait jamais"...
Les Amish y vivent comme il y a 200 ans
Autre particularité, le Keystone state ("l'Etat pierre angulaire" appelé ainsi pour sa situation géographique) est à majorité catholique, même s'il accueille aussi les Amish qui y vivent -à part et sans heurts- sans sécurité sociale, sans électricité ni téléphone et n'utilisent que des carrioles à cheval pour se déplacer.
Ses 12 millions d'habitants revendiquent leurs racines principalement chez les Allemands (27%), Irlandais, Italiens, Anglais ou Polonais(7%) *.
C'est dans cet Etat-clé que l'ancienne first lady peut réussir mardi un improbable comeback dans la course à la Maison Blanche. Mais elle doit creuser l'écart pour convaincre. Et remporter ses 158 précieux délégués. Elle y joue à fond la carte de "l'enfant du pays" car son père y est né, à Scranton, et elle peut se targuer d'y avoir passé une partie de son enfance.
Hillary Clinton joue la carte "enfant du pays"
Un "je vous comprends" aux antipodes de la gaffe d'Obama qui a dérapé pour la première fois de la campagne, en évoquant les petites bourgades de Pennsylvanie et ses chômeurs "accrochés à leurs armes à feu ou à leur religion", développant une "antipathie" envers ceux qui ne "sont pas comme eux".
Tous les sondages donnent Hillary Clinton gagnante, dont celui de Temple university qui lui attribue 44% des votes, avec 35% à Obama (avec 19% d'indécis).
A suivre avec attention donc...
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