After Obama and Hu’s Meeting, Sino-U.S. Relations Are Expected to Struggle but Not Break

Published in China Times
(Taiwan) on 24 January 2011
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Drew Machowicz. Edited by Gheanna Emelia.
President Obama and President Hu, at the end of the summit last week, issued a voluminous 41-point joint statement. This visit, as previously expected, dealt with many transitions, symbolic ceremonies and even a joint statement. However, most of it was inherited from the previous statement, so there was not much that was new.

Of course, on the human rights issue, the two countries are diametrically opposed. However, on the Taiwan issue, each says what it wants. Many officials and scholars have already discussed it at great lengths, but this is not a new part of the bilateral relations. After all, in the past 20 or 30 years, each high-level talk inevitably touched upon human rights and Taiwan. Each side knows the other’s position, and having no differences would be strange. What should really be paid attention to is that advancement in cooperation between the two countries could stir up some trouble between them, but not break relations — even entering into the next decade.

In the middle of this have been two noteworthy developments. The first one is the issue of strategic security. Confrontation between the two has not only been slowing down, but the cooperation between the two has been strengthening — particularly corresponding to the situation on the Korean peninsula. The other is the issue of increasing economic trade, which will change each of their political and economic structure.

According to the New York Times, a Washington official was quoted as saying that at a secret White House dinner, Obama talked directly to Hu about North Korea’s plutonium bomb manufacturing, long range missiles, and the recently discovered uranium enrichment plant. This constitutes the triple threat identified by the United States, forcing Washington to take strategic measures, including redeployment of forces, changing strategic plans and strengthening exercises with Northeast Asian countries.

The next U.S. action will be after the summit. A North Korean reconnaissance satellite will be sent 200 kilometers into space from earth’s orbit and can reportedly take a picture of fist-sized objects on the ground. This information was deliberately released by the U.S. media and was aimed at deterring North Korea’s missile and nuclear development.

Hu Jintao may not know how to respond, but for the first time in the joint statement, he expressed concern for North Korea’s uranium enrichment plant. The White House, in a message to the New York Times, said the United States and Beijing are willing to cooperate on North Korea. After all, if the U.S. is to eliminate the use of force or a preemptive strike and choose peace, then they must absolutely help the Chinese.

China’s position has always been that the problems on the Korean Peninsula can only be resolved through peace talks. Each party needs to exercise self-restraint to avoid conflict. After the Cheonan sinking and the Yeongping Island incidents, the U.S.-ROK alliance, especially within the South Korean government, claim that the situation calls for a military solution. Despite having participated in Dai Bingguo’s shuttle diplomacy, the U.S.-ROK coalition insisted the shooting and aggression meant a willingness to fight.

Assuming a fighting posture cannot last long; Seoul has already said these harsh words: if Pyongyang doesn’t apologize and offer compensation, then no contact or negotiations. This time, China’s apparent influence on the issue came out two days after a secret dinner party. On Jan. 20, North Korea suddenly proposed military talks with South Korea, expressing a willingness to discuss the Cheonan and Yeongping Island incidents. The South Korean government expressed, however, that if they were to discuss how to avoid similar incidents in the future, they would consider joining such discussions. In fact, the United States also agreed that the South Korean government cannot ignore the Chinese peace talks — otherwise, they would have to find their own excuse for avoiding talks.

Also, before Hu Jintao’s visit, trade tensions between the two countries was the main focus, due to strong criticism from U.S. businesses and workers, the closing of the Chinese market, and the overvalued Yuan. But this time, Hu Jintao brought up $45 billion in business opportunities, purchase agreements related to clean energy, computer technology, transportation and other fields. Estimates are that as many as 235,000 job opportunities can be created, greatly helping Obama by eliminating a lot complaints.

This is all still negative correspondence. Particularly important is that Hu’s visit helped push Aviation Industry Corporation of China and General Electric’s joint venture of China’s C919 airplane project to enter the global civil aviation market. In addition, the world’s largest bank Industrial and Commercial Bank of China has announced a $1 billion acquisition of The Bank of East Asia’s thirteen U.S. branches.

When the U.S. asked China to further open up its market, China had also asked the U.S. not to use export control as a reason to restrict high-tech products export to China. In the past, because of security reasons, China has stopped restrictions on important U.S. assets, — but they are now starting to ease these restrictions. The Bank of East Asia’s acquisition, approved from head to toe by the Fed, would further deepen bilateral economic trade. This will inevitably affect the existing political and economic structures, representing the power of the U.S. economic trade forces penetrating China, but also China’s economic trade forces penetrating the U.S.

There are also security issues between the U.S. and China, probably because of arms sales to Taiwan, Diaoyu Island, and other issues that should be dealt with carefully. The economic and trade issues are also due to the U.S.’ sluggish economic recovery, struggles with the congressional opposition, and other hidden variables. But it is in the interest of not only the world, but both Washington and Beijing to find long-term cooperation. From this point of view, Hu’s visit is indeed for dealing with Sino-U.S. conflicts, the right of supremacy, and Sino-U.S. cooperation, hand in hand sharing the world’s turning point.


 歐胡峰會已於上周結束,兩國元首也發表洋洋灑灑的四十一點聯合聲明。這次訪問,正如先前所預期,許多過場與儀式是象徵性的,即使是聯合聲明,大部分也是承繼過去的說法,沒有太多新意。

 當然在人權問題上,兩國針鋒相對,在台灣問題上則是各說各話,許多官員學者都已經有大篇幅的討論,但這都不是雙邊關係中新的部分。畢竟在過去廿、卅年中,每次高層會談,必然觸及人權與台灣,雙方都知道對方的立場,沒歧見才是怪事;真正該注意的,是有什麼是新合作,可以讓兩國關係鬥而不破,甚至進入下一個十年。

 這中間有兩件值得重視的發展,一是戰略安全方面,不僅對立的局面趨緩,而且還加強合作,尤其是對應朝鮮半島的情勢;其二是經貿進一步深化,將改變彼此的政經結構。

 據《紐約時報》引述美國華府人士表示,在白宮祕密晚宴中,歐巴馬直接對胡錦濤說,北韓製造的鈽核彈、長程導彈、以及最近發現的濃縮鈾工廠,是美國認定的三重安全威脅,逼得華盛頓必須要採取戰略對策,包括重新部署武力、改變戰略設想、以及加強與東北亞國家的演習。

 美國最新的動作是,高峰會後,將一顆專為偵查北韓的偵察衛星,送入距地球兩百公里的太空軌道,據稱可以拍到地面上拳頭大小的物體,這是美方刻意放出的消息,目的在嚇阻北韓的核武與飛彈發展。

 胡錦濤曾如何回應不得而知,但在聯合聲明中,卻首次對北韓的濃縮鈾工廠,表示關切。白宮放消息給《紐約時報》,透露北京願意與美國在北韓問題上合作。畢竟美國如果最終排除動武或先制攻擊,選擇要和談,則非得有中國協助不可。

 中國的立場向來是,朝鮮半島問題只能藉由和談解決,各方要自我克制、避免衝突。在天安艦與延坪島事件後,美韓聯盟,尤其是南韓政府,擺出來的態勢是軍事解決,雖然經由戴秉國穿梭,但是美韓聯軍堅持要實彈射擊,氣勢洶洶,不惜一戰。

 擺出打架的態勢,無法長久,但是首爾硬話已經說出去,平壤不道歉賠償,絕不接觸談判。這個時候,中國的影響力顯現出來,祕密晚宴後兩天,北韓廿日突然向南韓建議軍事會談,表示「願意討論天安艦與延坪島事件」,南韓政府則表示,如果是討論如何避免未來出現類似事件,就會考慮參加;事實上,在美國也同意中國的和談提議之下,南韓政府違抗不了,也只好自己找台階下。

 其次,胡錦濤來訪前,兩國經貿緊張是焦點。美國企業與勞工強烈批評,大陸市場封閉,或是人民幣被高估,但是這次胡錦濤帶來高達四百五十億的商機,相關採購協議涉及清潔能源、電腦技術與交通運輸等領域,估計可以有廿三萬五千個工作機會,大大幫了歐巴馬的忙,消除不少怨言。

 這都還是消極對應,特別值得重視的是,胡錦濤此行促成了中國航空工業公司與美國通用電氣合資,以中國C919飛機為項目,進軍全球民用航空市場。此外,全世界最大銀行中國工商銀行也宣布以一億美金收購東亞銀行在美國的所有十三家分行。

 當美國要求中國進一步開放市場時,中國也要求美國不要以出口管制為理由,限制對中國輸出高科技產品。過去因為安全原因,阻止中國取得美國重要資產的限制,現在開始放鬆,東亞銀行的購併案,聯準會的銀行監督體系從頭到尾知情而且認可。這顯示兩國經貿正進一步深化,這勢必牽動既存的政經結構,代表美國的經貿力量正進入與穿透中國,而中國的經貿力量也正在穿透美國。

 盡管在安全問題上,美中之間仍然可能因為對台軍售、釣魚台列嶼等問題擦槍走火;而經貿問題,更因為美國經濟復甦遲緩、國會朝野鬥爭,而潛藏變數。但不論華府或北京終究會發現,長遠的合作是符合雙方的利益,也符合全世界的利益。從這點來說,胡錦濤的這趟訪問,確實是處在中美衝突、互爭霸權,或是中美合作、攜手分治全球的轉捩點上。
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