General Motors: The American Lesson

Published in Les Echos
(France) on 11 December 2013
by David Barroux (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Stuart Taylor. Edited by Bora Mici.
France should draw inspiration from General Motors and the United States. First, once again, the country often described as the archetype of extreme chauvinist liberalism has just handed over the keys of a very large company to a woman. This comes after the advent of "Made in the USA" technology — which was converted to a feminized management style a long time ago at IBM, HP, Yahoo! and Xerox — after the appearance of numerous manufacturers of cosmetics, fashion and luxury items. It is a powerful industry giant that wants to prove that women's managerial talent can be utilized in every sector. The lesson deserves to be retained in a France that often couples the CAC 40 index with the stronger sex.

The other American lesson of the moment is not intended for boards of directors, but rather for our government and union activists. Six years after nationalization saved it, General Motors has once again become a leading company. The automobile champion could have disappeared, leaving a social and industrial disaster in its wake. The Obama administration proactively accepted risks in order to preserve something deemed essential. However, this rescue, which cost several billion taxpayer dollars, did not come easily. Employees accepted profound challenges regarding acquired benefits. Trade unions were forced to close down sites. The company itself eliminated several of its brands. The U.S. government became the agent for a disloyal form of competition, opposing other car manufacturers that could have demanded that GM be left to die. However, above all, the federal government has demonstrated a ruthless pragmatism.


La France devrait s'inspirer de General Motors et des Etats-Unis. D'abord parce que, une fois de plus, ce pays trop souvent décrit comme l'archétype d'un libéralisme machiste à outrance vient de confier les clefs d'une très grande entreprise à une femme. Après la techno made in USA qui, chez IBM, HP, Yahoo! ou Xerox, s'est depuis longtemps convertie à un management féminisé ; après de nombreux groupes de cosmétique, de mode ou de luxe ; c'est un géant de l'industrie très lourde qui veut prouver que le talent managérial des femmes peut s'exercer dans tous les secteurs. La leçon mériterait d'être retenue dans un Hexagone qui fait systématiquement rimer CAC 40 avec sexe fort.


L'autre leçon américaine du jour ne s'adresse pas aux conseils d'administration, mais à notre gouvernement et à nos syndicalistes. Six ans après avoir été sauvé par une nationalisation, GM est redevenu une entreprise conquérante. Ce champion de l'automobile aurait pu disparaître, provoquant dans son sillage un désastre industriel et social. Proactif, le gouvernement Obama a accepté de prendre des risques pour préserver l'essentiel. Mais ce sauvetage, qui a coûté plusieurs milliards aux contribuables, n'a rien eu d'un chèque en blanc. Les salariés ont accepté une profonde remise en cause d'avantages acquis. Les syndicats se sont résignés à des fermetures de sites. Le groupe a, lui, tué plusieurs de ses marques. L'Etat américain s'est certes fait l'agent d'une forme de concurrence déloyale à l'encontre des autres constructeurs auto qui auraient pu exiger qu'on laisse mourir GM. Mais l'Etat fédéral a surtout fait preuve d'un pragmatisme sans pitié.
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