China-US Anxiety about Taiwan Elections

Published in Want Daily
(Taiwan) on 10 December 2015
by Edward I-hsin Chen (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Anthony Chantavy. Edited by Paul Lynch.
Mainland China's President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Barack Obama had a public discussion at the Paris Climate Summit on Nov. 30. While successful, the meeting also gave questionable messages. There must be more important information secretly being shared.

China and US Hope for Cross-Strait Stability

First of all, the Taiwan election is on Jan. 16, 2016. Xi, on his own, threw the Taiwan issue at Obama. Before October, the U.S. and China had an agreement not to become involved in the Taiwan elections, mainly because of the Kuomintang's election blues, and Washington and Beijing's involvement would not be much help. However, after Eric Chu's outstanding performance, Xi clearly saw changes in the election outlook and decided to make the first move by agreeing to host the Ma-Xi meeting in Singapore. Since Xi made the first move, the U.S. followed by taking Chu's visit to Washington D.C. in mid-November as an opportunity to enhance his influence.

The Democratic Progressive Party presidential candidate Tsai Ing-wen's visit to Washington D.C. in early June, on the surface, seems to have earned her support from U.S. officials and think tanks. However, when Chu visited Washington D.C. in November, Tsai had competition, and a lot of it. The underlying reason is because in June, when the U.S. did not know who the KMT candidate was, it had no choice but to accept Tsai's cross-strait policy. After Chu explained his own cross-strait policy, though, the U.S., naturally, made a new choice.

Daniel Kritenbrink, White House National Security Council senior director for Asian affairs, stated that his conversations with Chu were "productive." Kritenbrink may have emphasized that Washington received Chu at exactly the same level as Tsai, and that the U.S. would not choose sides, but when he says that their dialogue with Chu was productive, it shatters the illusion of success and smoothness in Tsai's U.S. visit.

Second, Xi stressed to Obama in Paris that preserving cross-strait stability is in the common interests of China and the U.S. Unquestionably, China and the U.S. hope for peace and stability across the strait in the interests of both parties.

On Nov. 13, Eric Chu paid official visits to the White House, the State Department and Brookings Institution. Simply in terms of level, Tsai's June visit does not compare. In his discussion with U.S. officials and think tanks alone, Chu spoke not only of methods for long-term cross-strait stability, but also benefits that the U.S. will have with the Asia-Pacific, naturally satisfying the U.S.

In comparison, Tsai's U.S. visit was fully intended to appeal to U.S.-Japan Asia-Pacific policy. The only thing is that Tsai gave the wrong impression that China and the U.S. are enemies, making Washington worry about being pushed into the cross-strait conflict. Besides this, regarding the cross-strait policy that the U.S. is most concerned about, she [Tsai] has an empty proposal to "maintain the status quo," yet has no specific policy or course of action. What worries Washington even more is that if she continues to refuse to accept the 1992 Consensus, she could very well trap cross-strait relations in, as Xi would say, a "perilous situation." Therefore, on cross-strait policy, Chu is clearly ahead of Tsai.

Third, Xi hopes that the Obama administration will take concrete actions to support peaceful development of cross-strait relations, which shows that he does not believe that it supports Chu strongly enough. The question is, with the election about a month away, what concrete actions can the U.S. take?

Harder and Harder To Intervene

Does Xi really hope for Obama, after declaring Taiwan as a U.S. anti-terrorist ally, to abandon his policy supporting the KMT? What's interesting is that if the U.S. includes Taiwan in the Trans-Pacific Partnership, shouldn't mainland China announce that as long as Taiwan accepts the 1992 Consensus, it can join the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership?

Fourth, Obama told Xi that the U.S. hopes for cross-strait relations to maintain stable development, which seems to imply that when necessary, the U.S. can throw away policies that benefit the KMT election to balance cross-strait relations.

Finally, just as the Sept. 24 Obama-Xi White House night talk was more significant than the Sept. 25 day talk, Obama's private conversation with Xi is definitely more exciting than their public discussion. Nobody knows what they said in private, but as time flies, China and the U.S. realize that it is becoming harder and harder to intervene in the Taiwan election.

The author of this article is an American studies professor at Tamkang University.


大陸國家主席習近平11月30日在巴黎氣候峰會上,與美國總統歐巴 馬公開會談,儘管高來高去,卻透露出一些不尋常訊息。相信私下一 定有更重要訊息交換。

中美樂見台海穩定

首先,台灣大選即將在2016年1月16日舉行,習近平主動對歐巴馬 拋出台灣問題。在10月上旬以前,美中兩國曾達成一項不介入台灣選 舉的共識,主因是國民黨選情低迷,華府與北京即使介入也不會有用 。然而,在朱立倫出線後,習近平顯然發現台灣選情出了新的變化, 而決定搶先出手,同意在新加坡舉行馬習會。既然習近平搶先出手, 美國也緊接趁著國民黨總統參選人朱立倫11月中旬訪問華府機會,出 手拉抬朱的聲勢。

民進黨總統參選人蔡英文6月上旬訪問華府,表面上似乎贏得美國 官員與智庫學者支持。但是,等到國民黨總統參選人朱立倫11月中旬 訪問華府,蔡英文硬是給比了下去,而且差距還蠻大的。其中玄機就 在於6月美國尚不知誰是國民黨總統參選人,在別無選擇情況下,只 有接受蔡英文的兩岸論述。但是,在朱立倫闡述他的兩岸政策後,美 國自然有了新的選擇。

白宮國安會亞太事務資深主任康達表示,與朱立倫的對話「有成效 」。儘管康達強調華府接待朱與蔡的規格與層次大同小異,也強調美 國不會選邊站;但是,他說他們與朱立倫的對話「很有成效」,就讓 蔡訪美製造的「成功」、「順利」假象為之破功。

其次,習近平在巴黎向歐巴馬強調,維護台海和平穩定,符合中美 共同利益。的確,中美兩國樂見台海能夠維持和平穩定,因為台海和 平穩定符合雙方共同利益。

朱立倫11月13日在華府密集拜會白宮、國務院與布魯金斯研究院。 就規格與層次而言,和蔡英文6月訪問華府規格與層次不分上下。惟 就交談內容來說,朱與美國官員及智庫學者交流時,不僅提出讓兩岸 關係長期穩定的方法,也兼顧美國在東亞地區的國家利益,自然讓美 方滿意。

相形之下,蔡英文訪問華府期間刻意迎合美日亞太政策,惟由於美 國並無意與中國大陸為敵,蔡的表錯情會錯意,反而讓華府擔心會被 她拖下水捲入兩岸的衝突。此外,針對美國最關心的兩岸政策,她只 提出空洞的「維持兩岸現狀」口號,卻提不出具體政策與作為。更讓 華府擔心的是,她若不斷拒絕接受九二共識,很可能讓兩岸關係陷入 習近平所說的「驚濤駭浪,徹底翻覆。」因此,在兩岸政策上,朱、 蔡高下立判。

第三,習近平希望歐巴馬政府能以實際行動支持兩岸關係和平發展 ,顯示他認為歐巴馬政府挺朱立倫的力道還不夠重。問題是,距離選 舉只有1個多月,美方還能用什麼實際行動支持兩岸關係和平發展?

兩強難插手台選舉

難道習近平真的希望歐巴馬繼宣布台灣為美國反恐盟國之後,拋出 力挺國民黨的政策?有趣的是,如果美國宣布台灣為《跨太平洋夥伴 協定》(TPP)下一波談判對象,大陸是否也應宣布台灣只要接受九 二共識,就可成為《區域經濟合作夥伴關係協定》(RCEP)的談判對 象?

第四,歐巴馬對習近平說,美方樂見兩岸關係保持穩定發展,似乎 暗示必要時,美國可以拋出一些有利於國民黨選情的政策,而有助於 兩岸關係的和平穩定。

最後,正如9月24日歐習會的白宮「夜話」比25日的白宮「日話」 更重要一樣,歐巴馬與習近平私下對話,一定比公開會談更精彩。他 們私下對話內容不得而知;但是,隨著時間快速流逝,美中都已發現 他們對台灣選舉,已經愈來愈難插得上手。(作者為淡江大學美洲研 究所教授)
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