Representative Sung Kim Passed the Ball Back; North Korea Needs an Incentive

Published in Hankook Ilbo
(South Korea) on 22 June 2021
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Osasere Erhabor. Edited by Patricia Simoni.
Sung Kim, the U.S. State Department's special representative for North Korea, said, "Hopefully, Chairman Kim's reference to dialogue indicates that we will get a positive response soon," and, "We continue to hope that the DPRK will respond positively for our outreach and our offer to meet anywhere, anytime without precondition." In expressing anticipation of Kim Jong Un's remarks, he handed the dialogue over to North Korea.

Special representatives from South Korea, the U.S. and Japan met in Seoul on June 21 to coordinate their policy toward North Korea. The meeting took place four days after Chairman Kim said his country must prepare "for both dialogue and confrontation” and that expectations were high. If a message were to be released in advance, we could be optimistic about the full-fledged negotiation between North Korea and the U.S.

However, the message that would lead North Korea to dialogue has not been released. South Korea, the U.S. and Japan have focused only on urging North Korea to send a clearer and more specific message of dialogue. Washington’s White House National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan also added, "We are waiting for a clear signal from Pyongyang on whether they are prepared to sit at the table."

It is fortunate that North Korea and the U.S. exchange their positions in "words" rather than confrontation. It can be evaluated as a step closer to negotiations. However, since the Biden administration introduced a practical and diplomatic policy toward North Korea in April, the two sides have been in a close race for three months. In fact, in response to Chairman Kim's mention of both dialogue and confrontation, Sung Kim's statement that "we will be prepared for either" was not the language of dialogue.

Currently, North Korea presents the withdrawal of its hostile policy as a condition for dialogue, while the United States demands the resumption of dialogue without conditions, each waiting for the other to change their position. In order to open the door in such a sluggish situation, both the U.S. and North Korea must reverse the mood by lowering the threshold for dialogue. The U.S. alone needs to refine its vague dialogue message rather than pressuring North Korea to respond, and consider ways to support North Korea, which admitted economic difficulties.

If the incentives for North Korea are unclear, the justification for North Korea to respond to dialogue is bound to be weak.


성 김 미국 국무부 대북특별 대표는 “김정은 위원장의 ‘대화’ 언급이 곧 긍정적 회신을 받을 수 있다는 의미이기를 기대한다”고 말했다. 그러면서 “북한이 언제 어디서든 조건 없이 만나자는 우리 제안에 긍정적으로 호응하길 희망한다”고 했다. 김 위원장의 발언에 기대감을 표하면서 대화의 공을 북한에 넘긴 것이다.

성 김 대표를 포함해 한미일 3국의 대북 특별대표는 21일 서울에서 만나 대북정책을 조율했다. 이번 협의는 김정은 국무위원장이 “대화에도, 대결에도 다 준비돼 있어야 한다”고 밝힌 지 나흘 만에 이뤄져 기대가 높았다. 진전된 메시지가 나왔다면 북미의 본격 협상 국면을 낙관할 수도 있었다.

하지만 북한을 대화로 견인할 메시지는 공개되지 않았다. 한미일은 북한에 보다 분명하고 구체적인 대화 메시지를 촉구하는데 방점을 찍었을 뿐이다. 워싱턴의 제이크 설리번 백악관 국가안보보좌관도 “(대화)테이블에 앉을 준비가 됐는지에 대한 평양의 분명한 신호를 기다리고 있다”고 가세했다.

북미가 대치가 아닌 ‘말’로 입장을 주고받는 것은 다행스러운 일이긴 하다. 협상을 향해 한 발짝 다가선 것으로 평가할 수도 있다. 하지만 지난 4월 바이든 정부가 실용적이고 외교적인 대북정책을 내놓은 이후 양측 탐색전은 3개월째 아슬아슬하게 이어지고 있다. 사실 김 위원장이 대화와 대결을 동시 언급한 것에 대해 성 김 대표가 “우리 역시 어느 쪽이든 준비가 되어 있을 것”이라고 한 것도 대화의 언어는 아니었다.

현재 북한은 적대정책의 철회를 대화 조건으로 제시하고, 미국은 조건 없는 대화 재개를 요구하며 서로 상대의 입장 변화만 기다리는 양상이다. 이처럼 지지부진한 국면에 물꼬를 트려면 북미 모두 대화 문턱을 낮춰 분위기를 반전시켜야 한다. 미국만 해도 북한 호응을 압박만 하기보다 모호한 대화 메시지를 다듬고, 경제난을 인정한 북한 지원 방안도 검토할 필요가 있다. 대북 유인책이 불분명하다면 북한이 대화에 응할 명분도 약할 수밖에 없다.
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