The US Must Bear the Blame for the Trouble in Europe

Published in Huanqiu
(China) on 29 March 2016
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Fiona McAllister. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
Europe, the birthplace of two industrial revolutions and the location of two world wars, is also still the main battlefield for U.S.-Soviet Cold War tensions. To integrate Europe, it was France and Germany, etc., that set the European coal and steel community in motion after the Cold War, and soon after, it showed joint progress, both economically and politically, and even militarily.

But for a long, long time, Europe has been unable to extricate itself from America, the self-proclaimed integral cog in the wheel of global strategy. The U.S. has had Europe tied up in wars since then, not allowing it to leave its established strategic path. After the end of the Cold War, NATO was unrivaled, and yet America still continued to strengthen NATO's "new strategic concepts," and as NATO absorbed former Warsaw Pact countries and three Baltic countries, Russia's strategic space was squeezed substantially. America persisted in deploying guided missile defense systems to Europe — to defend against the threat of a missile attack from Iran, it was said — but it was in fact to act as a defense against Russia, to keep Russia in check, and to weaken Russia's position. Euro-Russian relations became ever more tense, affording America the ability to maintain a large military presence in Europe. The nucleus of strained U.S.-Russian relations still lies in Europe. America unceasingly incites disharmony and damage within Euro-Russian relations, and due to this tension, Europe has no choice but to draw closer to America. For example, Europe followed America in imposing sanctions upon Russia, the result of which meant that both sides suffered; Europe suffered substantial losses.

The American attitude is deep-rooted. Americans fear that their position of power will be challenged or weakened; they have watched Europe come together to work hard for collective self-improvement with a cool eye, and cannot stand to see the euro challenging the American dollar's hegemonic status. America's tactic has been to allow Europe to strengthen itself, and to "loosen the reins," only to allow it to gain a better hold of Europe later on. After the Cold War, there was a rapid push for NATO to expand to the east, encouraging Europe's population to grow rapidly. The "eastern expansion" was a killing of two birds with one stone for America: Its troops were kept stationed in Europe, while Europe itself was weakened. As central and eastern European countries joined the union, the collective strength of the European economy fell by 40 percent; "Polish plumbers" (a term used as a symbol of cheap labor coming from Eastern Europe) caused unemployment in Western Europe to rise. American presidents have all made great efforts to affect Turkey's admission into Europe. Europe views many populous Muslim countries as difficult to support, and relations between Turkey and Europe continue to be tense due to Turkey being prevented from joining Europe. The U.S. company, Goldman Sachs, helped Greece to cook the books during its debt and budget deficit crisis in order for Greece to deceptively join the eurozone, then, due to the five PIIGS — Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain — the sovereign debt crisis erupted, and this placed a great burden and hidden dangers on the eurozone.

America and other countries' cruel interference in the situations in the Middle East and North Africa have caused a turn in the security situations in these regions. Terrorism and the problem of the refugee crisis have not only left Europe shrouded in a terrible haze but have created setbacks in establishing European integration. Europe, for example, was once proud of the now-castigated Schengen Agreement, whereas now all countries are now re-establishing borders that were discarded years ago, and are now also implementing stricter immigration policies. There are European countries that are making it known that they wish to leave Europe, some countries even wish to leave the eurozone; the United Kingdom, for example, will hold a referendum on whether or not to stay in the European Union.

Europe is currently suffering the most severe series of crises since World War II, the worst of these being security and economic issues — big problems that are difficult to deal with. The power of xenophobia has grown rapidly, conflicts between immigrants and the local populations who oppose immigration are causing all kinds of problems, and this is gradually intensifying. This has all meant that Euro-skepticism is on the rise, European cohesion has fallen to a historic low-point and there is now an unprecedented crisis of confidence. Even if some European countries are slowly recognizing that America is weakening Europe, reconsidering the past 10 years' worth of gains and losses brought about by going along with America, it is hard to take any substantial steps away from U.S. control. Before it can escape from its current predicament, Europe might have to go through a long difficult period.


欧洲是两次工业革命的发祥地,也是两次世界大战的策源地,同时还是美苏冷战的主战场。冷战后,欧洲一体化以法德和解建立欧洲煤钢联盟起步,随后逐渐在经济、政治乃至军事等更多方面的统合上取得进展。
  但长期以来,欧洲一直无法摆脱作为美国称霸全球战略的重心和主要依托的角色。美国始终把欧洲绑在自己的战车上,不让欧洲脱离美既定的战略轨道。冷战结束后北约已无敌手,但美国却推出持续强化北约职能的“新战略概念”,吸收前华约国家和波罗的海三国入约,大幅挤压俄罗斯战略空间。美坚持在欧洲部署导弹防御系统,名义上是防御伊朗导弹袭击,实则是防俄遏俄弱俄。欧俄关系不断趋紧,使美得以名正言顺地在欧洲保持强大军事力量,俄美关系紧张的核心区域仍在欧洲。美不断挑拨和破坏欧俄关系,欧俄关系吃紧促使欧盟不得不向美靠拢。比如欧盟追随美国对俄制裁,结果是两败俱伤,欧盟利益亦遭受重大损失。
  美国的老大心态根深蒂固,生怕其霸主地位受到挑战或削弱,始终对欧洲联合自强的努力冷眼旁观,更不能容忍欧元挑战美元金融霸权地位。美对欧洲建设奉行“欲擒故纵”和“欲弱先强”策略,在冷战后急剧推动北约东扩,鼓励欧盟急速扩员。“双东扩”使美获一箭双雕之利:既留驻欧洲又削弱了欧盟。中东欧国家集体入盟使欧盟总体经济实力下降40%,“波兰管道工”(东欧廉价劳工代称)西进使西欧失业率持续攀升。美历任总统都极力鼓动土耳其入盟,土经济实力与欧盟差距太大,作为人口众多的伊斯兰国家更让欧盟觉得难以承受,而欧盟拒绝土入盟使欧土关系持续紧张。美高盛公司为希腊等国在债务和预算赤字等方面“作假账”,使其蒙骗加入欧元区,为“欧猪五国”(PIIGS,葡意爱希西)爆发主权债务危机严重拖累欧元区经济埋下重大隐患。
美国等国对中东北非局势的粗暴干涉,使得这些地区的一些国家安全形势急转直下。恐怖主义外溢和难民问题,不仅使欧洲国家直接被笼罩在恐怖阴霾之下,也使欧洲一体化建设遭受波折。比如,原本被欧洲引以为傲的申根签证区现在深受诟病,一些国家重新设立废弃多年的海关边检,执行更为严格的移民政策。诸多原因之下,已有欧盟成员国扬言要退出申根签证区,有的国家甚至要退出欧元区,比如英国将就是否留驻欧盟举行公投。
  欧洲正在遭受二战以来最严重的系列危机,特别是安全和经济两大难题实难应付,排外极端势力迅速膨胀,外来移民与当地居民的对立冲突和各种矛盾日趋尖锐。这使民众疑欧情绪持续增长,欧洲建设的凝聚力降至历史低点,陷入空前信任危机。虽然欧洲一些国家已经逐步认清美削弱欧盟为己减负的战略企图,反思近年来追随美政策得失,特别是与俄缓解关系,但在美国牵制下还是难以迈出实质性步伐。在摆脱当前这种困境之前,欧盟可能还要经历一段较长的困难时期。(作者是盘古智库学术委员、原驻中非共和国大使、原驻法国使馆公使衔参赞)
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